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当代肿瘤药物靶点

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ISSN (Print): 1568-0096
ISSN (Online): 1873-5576

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Review Article

外泌体作为癌症治疗的天然基因传递载体

卷 20, 期 11, 2020

页: [821 - 830] 页: 10

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1568009620666200924154149

价格: $65

摘要

背景：目前用于癌症治疗的基因治疗载体，例如病毒，非病毒和细菌载体，但是这些常规载体存在某些安全性问题和稳定性问题。外来体是大多数体内和体外细胞类型从多囊泡体分泌到细胞外环境中的大小为40-100 nm的囊泡。作为天然的纳米载体，外泌体具有免疫惰性，生物相容性，并且可以穿过生物屏障，例如血脑屏障，肠屏障和胎盘屏障。 目的：这篇综述集中在外来体作为载体有效地传递基因用于癌症治疗和诊断的作用。将核酸加载到外泌体上的方法，外泌体作为用于基因传递的智能细胞间穿梭体的优势以及作为siRNA，miRNA和簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的基因传递载体的治疗应用以及外泌体的局限性本文将对基因载体作为基因载体进行综述。 方法：通常使用电穿孔和化学转染来制备基因加载的外泌体。 结果：与目前用于全身基因治疗的递送方法相比，外来体介导的递送非常有前途且具有优势。载有治疗性核酸的靶向外泌体可以有效地促进肿瘤增殖的减少，而没有任何不利影响。结论：在不久的将来，外泌体将成为一种有效的传递基因载体，并成为诊断和治疗癌症的生物标志物。

关键词: 外泌体，免疫惰性，生物相容性，基因治疗，癌症，纳米载体。

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