Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Alzheimer Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1567-2050
ISSN (Online): 1875-5828

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe Translate in Chinese
Research Article

Education, APOE ε4, and Cognition in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline with Worry in the SILCODE Study

Author(s): Guanqun Chen, Li Lin, Kun Yang and Ying Han*

Volume 18, Issue 6, 2021

Published on: 30 September, 2021

Page: [492 - 498] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666211001105425

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Education could offer a protective effect on cognition in individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), which is considered to be the early stage of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, the effect of education on cognition in SCD individuals with SCD-plus features is not clear.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the effect of education on cognition in SCD individuals with SCD-plus features.

Methods: A total of 234 individuals with SCD were included from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE). Cognition was assessed across 4 domains (memory, executive, language, and general cognitive functions). Multiple linear regression models were constructed to examine the effect of education on cognitive scores in individuals without worry (n=91) and with worry (n=143). Furthermore, we assessed differences in effects between APOE ε4 noncarriers and APOE ε4 carriers in both groups.

Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive effect of education on memory, executive, and language cognition in individuals without worry and all cognitive domains in individuals with worry. Furthermore, we found a positive effect of education on executive cognition in APOE ε4 noncarriers without worry and language and general cognition in APOE ε4 carriers without worry. Meanwhile, education had a positive effect on all cognitive domains in APOE ε4 noncarriers with worry and executive, language, and general cognition in APOE ε4 carriers with worry.

Conclusion: This study indicates that education has the potential to delay or reduce cognitive decline in SCD individuals with SCD-plus features.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, subjective cognitive decline, education, cognitive reserve, apolipoprotein E, prevention.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Sabayan B, Sorond F. Reducing risk of dementia in older age. JAMA 2017; 317(19): 2028.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.2247] [PMID: 28510681]
[2]
Nichols E, Szoeke CEI, Vollset SE, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18(1): 88-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30403-4] [PMID: 30497964]
[3]
World Alzheimer Report 2018. The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers. 2018. Available from: https://www.alz.co.uk/research/world-report-2018
[4]
Barnes DE, Yaffe K. The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer’s disease prevalence. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10(9): 819-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70072-2] [PMID: 21775213]
[5]
Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 2017; 390(10113): 2673-734.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6] [PMID: 28735855]
[6]
Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Brayne C. Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: an analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13(8): 788-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70136-X] [PMID: 25030513]
[7]
Robitaille A, van den Hout A, Machado RJM, et al. Transitions across cognitive states and death among older adults in relation to education: A multistate survival model using data from six longitudinal studies. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14(4): 462-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.10.003] [PMID: 29396108]
[8]
Wu YT, Beiser AS, Breteler MMB, et al. The changing prevalence and incidence of dementia over time - current evidence. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13(6): 327-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.63] [PMID: 28497805]
[9]
Jessen F, Amariglio RE, van Boxtel M, et al. A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10(6): 844-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001] [PMID: 24798886]
[10]
Rabin LA, Smart CM, Amariglio RE. Subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2017; 13(8): 369-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045136] [PMID: 28482688]
[11]
Molinuevo JL, Rabin LA, Amariglio R, et al. Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13(3): 296-311.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.012] [PMID: 27825022]
[12]
Kielb S, Rogalski E, Weintraub S, Rademaker A. Objective features of subjective cognitive decline in a United States national database. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13(12): 1337-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.04.008] [PMID: 28586648]
[13]
Lee YC, Kang JM, Lee H, et al. Subjective cognitive decline and subsequent dementia: a nationwide cohort study of 579,710 people aged 66 years in South Korea. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12(1): 52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00618-1] [PMID: 32375880]
[14]
Jessen F, Amariglio RE, Buckley RF, et al. The characterisation of subjective cognitive decline. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19(3): 271-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30368-0] [PMID: 31958406]
[15]
Jessen F, Wiese B, Bachmann C, et al. Prediction of dementia by subjective memory impairment: effects of severity and temporal association with cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67(4): 414-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.30] [PMID: 20368517]
[16]
Jessen F, Wolfsgruber S, Wiese B, et al. AD dementia risk in late MCI, in early MCI, and in subjective memory impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10(1): 76-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.09.017] [PMID: 23375567]
[17]
van Harten AC, Mielke MM, Swenson-Dravis DM, et al. Subjective cognitive decline and risk of MCI: The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Neurology 2018; 91(4): e300-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005863] [PMID: 29959257]
[18]
Mazzeo S, Padiglioni S, Bagnoli S, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of subjective cognitive decline plus criteria in predicting the progression to Alzheimer’s disease: an 11-year follow-up study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27(5): 894-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.14167] [PMID: 32043740]
[19]
Yang K, Chen G, Sheng C, et al. Cognitive reserve, brain reserve, APOEɛ4, and cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline in the SILCODE study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76(1): 249-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200082] [PMID: 32444543]
[20]
Groot C, van Loenhoud AC, Barkhof F, et al. Differential effects of cognitive reserve and brain reserve on cognition in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2018; 90(2): e149-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004802] [PMID: 29237798]
[21]
Li X, Wang X, Su L, Hu X, Han Y. Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE): protocol for a Chinese longitudinal observational study to develop risk prediction models of conversion to mild cognitive impairment in individuals with subjective cognitive decline. BMJ Open 2019; 9(7): e028188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028188] [PMID: 31350244]
[22]
Chen G, Yang K, Du W, Hu X, Han Y. Clinical characteristics in subjective cognitive decline with and without worry: baseline investigation of the SILCODE study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72(2): 443-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-190501] [PMID: 31594226]
[23]
Gifford KA, Liu D, Romano R III, Jones RN, Jefferson AL. Development of a subjective cognitive decline questionnaire using item response theory: a pilot study. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2015; 1(4): 429-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2015.09.004] [PMID: 26878034]
[24]
Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56] [PMID: 14399272]
[25]
Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 1959; 32(1): 50-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x] [PMID: 13638508]
[26]
Guo Q, Sun Y, Yu P, Hong Z, Lv C. Norm of Auditory Verbal Learning Test in the normal aged in China community. Chin J Clin Psychol 2007; 15(2): 132-4.
[27]
Zhao Q, Guo Q, Li F, Zhou Y, Wang B, Hong Z. The Shape Trail Test: application of a new variant of the Trail making test. PLoS One 2013; 8(2): e57333.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057333] [PMID: 23437370]
[28]
Zhao Q, Guo Q, Hong Z. Clustering and switching during a semantic verbal fluency test contribute to differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Neurosci Bull 2013; 29(1): 75-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-013-1301-7] [PMID: 23322003]
[29]
Kaplan E, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger 1983.
[30]
Guo QH, Zhou B, Zhao QH, Wang B, Hong Z. Memory and Executive Screening (MES): a brief cognitive test for detecting mild cognitive impairment. BMC Neurol 2012; 12: 119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-119] [PMID: 23050770]
[31]
Chen KL, Xu Y, Chu AQ, et al. Validation of the Chinese version of montreal cognitive assessment basic for screening mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64(12): e285-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14530] [PMID: 27996103]
[32]
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF III, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28(2): 193-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4] [PMID: 2748771]
[33]
Stiasny-Kolster K, Mayer G, Schäfer S, Möller JC, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Oertel WH. The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire--a new diagnostic instrument. Mov Disord 2007; 22(16): 2386-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.21740] [PMID: 17894337]
[34]
Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991; 14(6): 540-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540] [PMID: 1798888]
[35]
Bondi MW, Edmonds EC, Jak AJ, et al. Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment improves diagnostic precision, biomarker associations, and progression rates. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 42(1): 275-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140276] [PMID: 24844687]
[36]
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of department of health and human services task force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1984; 34(7): 939-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.34.7.939] [PMID: 6610841]
[37]
Jessen F, Spottke A, Boecker H, et al. Design and first baseline data of the DZNE multicenter observational study on predementia Alzheimer’s disease (DELCODE). Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10(1): 15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-017-0314-2] [PMID: 29415768]
[38]
Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2002; 8(3): 448-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355617702813248] [PMID: 11939702]
[39]
Stern Y, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Bartrés-Faz D, et al. Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16(9): 1305-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219] [PMID: 30222945]
[40]
Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer’s disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12(2): 207-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70291-0] [PMID: 23332364]
[41]
Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14(4): 535-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.018] [PMID: 29653606]
[42]
Perneczky R, Kempermann G, Korczyn AD, et al. Translational research on reserve against neurodegenerative disease: consensus report of the international conference on cognitive reserve in the dementias and the Alzheimer’s association reserve, resilience and protective factors professional interest area working groups. BMC Med 2019; 17(1): 47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1283-z] [PMID: 30808345]
[43]
Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11(11): 1006-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70191-6] [PMID: 23079557]
[44]
Mazzeo S, Padiglioni S, Bagnoli S, et al. The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study. J Neurol 2019; 266(2): 487-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-9164-5] [PMID: 30604054]
[45]
Bessi V, Mazzeo S, Padiglioni S, et al. From subjective cognitive decline to Alzheimer’s disease: the predictive role of neuropsychological assessment, personality traits, and cognitive reserve. A 7-year follow-up study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63(4): 1523-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-171180] [PMID: 29782316]
[46]
van Loenhoud AC, van der Flier WM, Wink AM, et al. Cognitive reserve and clinical progression in Alzheimer disease: A paradoxical relationship. Neurology 2019; 93(4): e334-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007821] [PMID: 31266904]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
20
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy