Multimodal Affective Computing: Affective Information Representation, Modelling, and Analysis

Multimodal Fusion Framework: Emotion Recognition From Physiological Signals

Author(s): Gyanendra K. Verma * .

Pp: 115-127 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815124453123010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This study presents a multimodal fusion framework for emotion recognition from physiological signals. In contrast to emotion recognition through facial expression, a large number of emotions can be recognized accurately through physiological signals. The DEAP database, a benchmark multimodal database with many collections of EEG and peripheral signals, is employed for experimentation. The proposed method takes into account those features that are subject-independent and can incorporate many more emotions. As it is possible to handle many channel features, especially synchronous EEG channels, feature-level fusion is applied in this study. The features extracted from EEG and peripheral signals include relative, logarithmic, and absolute power energy of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Theta. Experimental results demonstrate that physiological signals' Theta and Beta bands are the most significant contributor to the performance. On the other hand, SVM performs outstandingly.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873352086 and j.to_ip >=873352086 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513895 and j.to_date >= 1740513895 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18841) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873352086 and j.to_ip >=873352086 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513895 and j.to_date >= 1740513895 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18841) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873352086 and j.to_ip >=873352086 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513895 and j.to_date >= 1740513895 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18841)
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3474 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740513895 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740513895 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3474
      • 3: 1740513895
      • 4: 1740513895
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='d958a2496060e92414291dc0cc59bbfe'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        oEiWAD3vjHg2c7BhalCnRR5zHUMWiCKSWA2wVYxu
        uc_cart_id
        d958a2496060e92414291dc0cc59bbfe
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18841" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/18841
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjNRNGw0cUNDQU5reXRZWDh2VlVsY0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0RhajkzbS83TUQ0ZUl4Mnl3bVVmUUtaKzJkN1pJRWg0ejdtU3llRFpYZz0iLCJtYWMiOiJlNzA4NWU2ZjBlZDZkZDZkZmM4MjgwMWMxMWY1ZDMzYjJmMGYzY2RiYjdkZTZlMTQ0MmEzYzJlNjUxNWQ1YTg0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjNRNGw0cUNDQU5reXRZWDh2VlVsY0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0RhajkzbS83TUQ0ZUl4Mnl3bVVmUUtaKzJkN1pJRWg0ejdtU3llRFpYZz0iLCJtYWMiOiJlNzA4NWU2ZjBlZDZk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:04:55 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Img1cUNWQmMrTTd0cUd2VzhnYm5URGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHlOeE83UUQ3K1o5U1ZzazZaU1E5bStpS2dwNDVLUjZ2YjZ5dEZPOUtEclNVdUp6TENDaUhsWGxCSEtLbVRxVmlpR3QrU09JRDNJUTBNRFcrOUtxMVZHNHAxZ3BLd3NsakxEMCtxdWREY09xdUhoczJ0NjhiakRUWnp5OXpnckEiLCJtYWMiOiIzNWI4YjMwMzcxZGY1MWE5NDIxMTZiZjQ1ZmI4YWJhMDBhMDU1NDRhOWY5MzY0Mjg2Y2I3YTc0ZmIzMWJmMTc5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:04:55 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Img1cUNWQmMrTTd0cUd2VzhnYm5URGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHlOeE83UUQ3K1o5U1ZzazZaU1E5bStpS2dwNDVLUjZ2YjZ5dEZPOUtEclNVdUp6TENDaUhsWGxCSEtLbVRxVmlpR3QrU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9PekUxeFRZVlVWbjQ0RitabC82TWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHZaNk9zamtLVVl3TEZ3WTczeE95WnVjUUpTVmx3RzRoemE2VTFHRnVOdkpkd0QxNHdLd1ZlUmZxRWtnTEoybDNnTW9CZDNia09SME5qWHdodjNEbHJtK252bEZyQU95ak9BQUpyT0MxRTdCVitUTmhsMC96RDRDWmM4WW1SbTMiLCJtYWMiOiJjMmY2ZmFjYzhkZmRmZmQ2NDA5Mjc0Y2U0OTQwMGE5ZDgwZDA5MmIyMWM1NjdmMzRiNDAyZWUzMDIxNmM3Mzc3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9PekUxeFRZVlVWbjQ0RitabC82TWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHZaNk9zamtLVVl3TEZ3WTczeE95WnVjUUpTVmx3RzRoemE2VTFHRnVOdkpkd0QxNHdLd1ZlUmZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Img1cUNWQmMrTTd0cUd2VzhnYm5URGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHlOeE83UUQ3K1o5U1ZzazZaU1E5bStpS2dwNDVLUjZ2YjZ5dEZPOUtEclNVdUp6TENDaUhsWGxCSEtLbVRxVmlpR3QrU09JRDNJUTBNRFcrOUtxMVZHNHAxZ3BLd3NsakxEMCtxdWREY09xdUhoczJ0NjhiakRUWnp5OXpnckEiLCJtYWMiOiIzNWI4YjMwMzcxZGY1MWE5NDIxMTZiZjQ1ZmI4YWJhMDBhMDU1NDRhOWY5MzY0Mjg2Y2I3YTc0ZmIzMWJmMTc5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:04:55 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Img1cUNWQmMrTTd0cUd2VzhnYm5URGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibHlOeE83UUQ3K1o5U1ZzazZaU1E5bStpS2dwNDVLUjZ2YjZ5dEZPOUtEclNVdUp6TENDaUhsWGxCSEtLbVRxVmlpR3QrU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9PekUxeFRZVlVWbjQ0RitabC82TWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHZaNk9zamtLVVl3TEZ3WTczeE95WnVjUUpTVmx3RzRoemE2VTFHRnVOdkpkd0QxNHdLd1ZlUmZxRWtnTEoybDNnTW9CZDNia09SME5qWHdodjNEbHJtK252bEZyQU95ak9BQUpyT0MxRTdCVitUTmhsMC96RDRDWmM4WW1SbTMiLCJtYWMiOiJjMmY2ZmFjYzhkZmRmZmQ2NDA5Mjc0Y2U0OTQwMGE5ZDgwZDA5MmIyMWM1NjdmMzRiNDAyZWUzMDIxNmM3Mzc3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9PekUxeFRZVlVWbjQ0RitabC82TWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNHZaNk9zamtLVVl3TEZ3WTczeE95WnVjUUpTVmx3RzRoemE2VTFHRnVOdkpkd0QxNHdLd1ZlUmZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "oEiWAD3vjHg2c7BhalCnRR5zHUMWiCKSWA2wVYxu" "uc_cart_id" => "d958a2496060e92414291dc0cc59bbfe" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18841" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:04:55GET/chapter/18841112192