Applications of Modern High Performance Networks

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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a multi-hop wireless link, without any infrastructure and frequent host mobility. MANET Routing Protocols play a vital role to transfer data from one mobile node to another. There are variety of routing MANET algorithms exists but it is difficult to decide which protocol is more suitable for the particular environment. In this paper we investigate different kinds of MANETs single path and multipath routing protocols and compare the performance by considering the factors like bandwidth, throughput, packets delivery ratio, power consumption etc. which helps to analyze the performance of the network. These protocols are listed under certain category.

Parallel processing is a form of computing in which a number of activities are carried out concurrently on multiple machines so that the time required to solve a given problem is reduced. The advent of low cost high performance Pentium machines and PC based LINUX operating system have attracted many researchers to explore parallel processing experiments on PCs. This chapter provides the complete experience of building a LINUX cluster and its application in mapping some parallel algorithms. This chapter discusses comprehensive procedure of cluster development. It discusses the procedure of linear expansion of a cluster to n nodes. Furthermore, the chapter describes the experience of replacing an existing node if it either fails or needs to be replaced by another powerful node.

High performance compute clusters have been used in recent years to tackle hard problems in the domain of cryptography and breaking many encryption algorithms. Integer factorization is a hard mathematical problem which forms the basis of many public key cryptographic schemes such as the RSA algorithm. To date the largest integer factored is about 200 digits long. This factorization was made possible by use of distributed computing and use of clusters. We present results of our work on setting up single server image clusters using Kerrighed Single System Image based cluster. We have attempted to use a number of factoring algorithms and their well-known implementations. Our clustering recipes and results shall be useful to others who are planning to setup Linux clusters for high-performance computing.

In this contribution we also provide the current state of open source Linux based clustering solutions. A challenging reality is that many open source clustering projects are simply dying a slow or fast death. These include OpenMosix and even OpenSSI. Other open source clustering projects too have been very slow with releases. Open source clustering software projects exhibit paradoxical trends. Commercial software was donated by a vendor as a seed for open source cluster software community (HP/Compaq TruClusters as a seed for OpenSSI). Mosix on the other hand went from open source software project to commercial product after its initial success on Linux platform. Very recently the open source community of Mosix (completely distinct from the Mosix product) functioning as OpenMosix for several years has now declared the project going to be defunct soon citing the appearance of multiple core CPUs as one major reason for it. In this contribution we hope to identify the promising high performance clustering toolkit for the next few years to come.

Sensing makes us aware of our ambient environment with amazing precision and speed. The influx of multitude attributes is processed in real time that makes us act in an exceptionally coordinated and timely manner. This human capability has influenced researchers worldwide trying to imitate this intricate delicacy of nature. Such a concept of global sensing and actuation is what the world has been waiting for, which has emerged in the form of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This chapter delves into the whole spectrum of WSNs; explaining in detail the constituents (sensors, processor, transceiver etc) of sensor node, characteristics, survey of existing platforms, network dynamics and topology, energy matters and applications of WSNs. Applications of WSN have been given special consideration to show how WSN can revolutionize living standards, safety and our environment concurrently being more economically beneficial. Extensive due diligence has been carried out to ensure the right technology for the right application, with comparison to existing solutions and supported by real life deployments. In the end, a macro level insight of emerging branches (WMSN and WSAN) of WSNs provides a glimpse into the future of WSN.

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) has recently gained great interest for high-speed short-range communications (e.g. Wireless Sensor Networks/home networking applications) as well as low-speed longrange communications as it can offer unique advantages for wireless communications such as precise location-timing capabilities, imperceptibility, low power, low complexity, and low cost. In this chapter, we present an overview of UWB system and a performance analysis of UWB based MAC protocol of high data rate, short range communication, especially, on the IEEE 802.15.3 MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. We use analytical model to present some illustrative channel capacity results, and provide a discussion of the impact of various acknowledgment schemes on multiple access capacity under different parameters. Also, some important observations are obtained, which can be very useful to UWB MAC protocol architectures as well as to UWB application designers. Finally, we present some important research issues and challenges to further investigate the possible improvements in the UWB system.

Use of technology in different areas to get numerous benefits is itself a valuable research. Use of Sensor network in the area of agriculture is not new. But due to the different weather, soil, water and land conditions, diverse models, methods of analysis and solutions are needed on which different communities of researchers are working and proposing several solutions. That instigates need of some different ways specifically for agriculture that can be helpful in developing solution for different conditions.

Ubiquitous Computing and Context-Aware Computing are highlighting the approaches to deal with variability in conditions, situations and problems. The combination of different technologies and their application towards certain area is always been a challenging task. The combination of emerging technologies including ubiquitous computing, context-aware computing and grid computing with sensor network can be applied on agriculture domain to make the agriculture smarter.

In this chapter, the concept of Smart Agriculture is described and use of different advanced technologies towards the agriculture domain is highlighted. The evolution of agriculture through the support of different advanced technologies is also presented. Some details about the development of smart agriculture prototype for irrigation control are also the part of this chapter.

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