Abstract
Several cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between elevated serum activity of liver enzymes [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). Raised serum activity of liver enzymes independently predicted the future development of MetS and DM as well as cardiovascular (CV) events and/or total/CV mortality in prospective studies. However, this association was not consistently demonstrated and it appears to be independent of alcohol intake. Even though these associations can be partly attributed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, there may be additional underlying mechanisms that contribute to the increased CV risk (e.g. inflammation and oxidative stress). The association of γGT with atherosclerotic plaque is of particular importance. The present review considers the link between serum liver enzyme activities and vascular risk. The links with DM and MetS are also discussed.
Keywords: Liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic plaque
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?
Volume: 17 Issue: 33
Author(s): Eirini Lioudaki, Emmanuel S. Ganotakis and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic plaque
Abstract: Several cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between elevated serum activity of liver enzymes [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). Raised serum activity of liver enzymes independently predicted the future development of MetS and DM as well as cardiovascular (CV) events and/or total/CV mortality in prospective studies. However, this association was not consistently demonstrated and it appears to be independent of alcohol intake. Even though these associations can be partly attributed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, there may be additional underlying mechanisms that contribute to the increased CV risk (e.g. inflammation and oxidative stress). The association of γGT with atherosclerotic plaque is of particular importance. The present review considers the link between serum liver enzyme activities and vascular risk. The links with DM and MetS are also discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Lioudaki Eirini, S. Ganotakis Emmanuel and P. Mikhailidis Dimitri, Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798220945
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798220945 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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Current Pharmaceutical Design