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Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

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ISSN (Print): 1386-2073
ISSN (Online): 1875-5402

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Review Article

Inhibitory Effect of PD-1/PD-L1 and Blockade Immunotherapy in Leukemia

Author(s): Kai Xing, Pan Zhou, Jiaojiao Li, Miao Liu* and Wei Emma Zhang*

Volume 25, Issue 9, 2022

Published on: 07 July, 2021

Page: [1399 - 1410] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1574893616666210707101516

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. Some clinical trials have also confirmed the excellent efficacy of PD- 1/PD-L1 inhibitors on lymphoma. However, the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on leukemia remains unclear.

Introduction: To understand the connection between PD-1/PD-L1 and leukemia better, this review concentrates on the up-regulated expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade trials in participants with leukemia. PD-1/PD-L1 signal performs momentously negative immunoregulation of cancer, which can inhibit the activation of cytotoxic T cells and involve in the immune escape in tumors. Activated PD-1/PD-L1 may transduce negative intracellular signals to block the mitotic cycle and the development of T-cells. Several pathways are involved in these critical biochemical processes, including MAPK, calcium, PI3K/AKT, and so on. Lately, PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have illustrated unprecedented curative effects on Hodgkin's lymphoma and some solid tumors. Specimens from patients with leukemia demonstrated the elevated level of PD-1/PD-L1 in T lymphocytes. This finding inspired hematologists to use PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for subjects suffering from leukemia. Some clinical trials have implied that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could help patients fight against leukemia, however, other researchers have reported the opposite results.

Conclusion: PD-1/PD-L1 is upregulated in leukemia, but the results regarding PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are mixed and more clinical trials are needed to be conducted.

Keywords: Leukemia, immune checkpoints, PD-1, PD-L1, T lymphocytes, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, clinical trials.

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