Nitric Oxide is a Central Common Metabolite in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Diseases of Human Pregnancy

Title:Nitric Oxide is a Central Common Metabolite in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Diseases of Human Pregnancy

Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Author(s): Andrea Leiva, Bárbara Fuenzalida, Eric Barros, Bastián Sobrevia, Rocío Salsoso, Tamara Sáez, Roberto Villalobos, Luis Silva, Indira Chiarello, Fernando Toledo, Jaime Gutiérrez, Carlos Sanhueza, Fabián Pardo and Luis Sobrevia

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Keywords: Preeclampsia, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, nitric oxide, endothelium, fetoplacental.

Abstract: Preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolaemia (MSPH) are pregnancy-related conditions that cause metabolic disruptions leading to alterations of the mother, fetus and neonate health. These syndromes result in fetoplacental vascular dysfunction, where nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role. PE characterizes by abnormal increase in the placental blood pressure and a negative correlation between NO level and fetal weight, suggesting that increased NO level and oxidative stress could be involved. GDM courses with macrosomia along with altered function of the fetal cardiovascular system and fetoplacental vasculature. Even when NO synthesis in the fetoplacental vasculature is increased, NO bioavailability is reduced due to the higher oxidative stress seen in this disease. In MSPH, there is an early development of atherosclerotic lesions in fetal and newborn arteries, altered function of the fetoplacental vasculature, and higher markers of oxidative stress in fetal blood and placenta, thus, vascular alterations related with NO metabolism occur as a consequence of this syndrome. Potential mechanisms of altered NO synthesis and bioavailability result from transcriptional and post-translational NO synthases (NOS) modulation, including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles, coupling/uncoupling of NOS, tetrahydrobiopterin bioavailability, calcium/calmodulin-NOS and caveolin-1-NOS interaction. Additionally, oxidative stress also plays a role in the reduced NO bioavailability. This review summarizes the available information regarding lower NO bioavailability in these pregnancy pathologies. A common NO-dependent mechanism in PE, GDM and MSPH contributing to fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction is described.

Cite this article as:

Leiva Andrea, Fuenzalida Bárbara, Barros Eric, Sobrevia Bastián, Salsoso Rocío, Sáez Tamara, Villalobos Roberto, Silva Luis, Chiarello Indira, Toledo Fernando, Gutiérrez Jaime, Sanhueza Carlos, Pardo Fabián and Sobrevia Luis, Nitric Oxide is a Central Common Metabolite in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Diseases of Human Pregnancy, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2016; 14 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161114666160222115158