摘要
神经退行性疾病的分类往往是基于神经病理学。长期“蛋白病”作为一种标志性的障碍包括了常见的异常蛋白例如突触核蛋白病，tau蛋白病，淀粉样变性和普遍性肌病。不同的蛋白质也可以共存于同一疾病。进一步复杂的病理生理方案不仅不同的蛋白质，而且被认为是细胞在神经退行性疾病中发挥积极作用，特别是那些大脑中参与炎症反应过程的，如活化的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。在临床实践中，区分病理生理学与临床症状，用以允许准确的临床分类这些在生活中疾病，如果没有这些病理特征的生物标志物就变得困难。在这种情况下，PET成像是一个有用的工具。利用PET示踪剂定位错误折叠的蛋白质可以识别目标的存在或不存在，描绘大脑分布，量化不同脑区蛋白质负荷，以及监测其随着时间的变化。目前适合通过PET成像的β淀粉样蛋白是神经退行性疾病的蛋白质之一。目前正在进行的研究工作是识别新的PET示踪剂靶向非淀粉样PET示踪剂的神经退行性疾病。目前正在进行的研究工作，以确定新的PET示踪剂针对非淀粉样蛋白PET示踪剂神经退行性疾病。本文将重点研究PET示踪剂针对tau蛋白和α-突触核蛋白的错误折叠的蛋白质和活化的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞和炎症反应的细胞靶点。对靶点特征，发展面临的挑战，临床相关性和当前状态的人类PET成像进行总结。
关键词: 星形细胞，α-突触核蛋白，神经退行性疾病，小胶质细胞，神经炎症，正电子发射断层扫描，tau蛋白
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