摘要
抗菌肽(AMPs)是先天免疫的关键效应物,代表了开发新抗菌药物的有前途的分子。但是,为了实现这一目标,需要克服一些问题:(i)高浓度时的细胞毒性作用; (ii)生物稳定性差,并且(iii)难以到达目标位置。蛙皮是AMPs最丰富的天然仓库之一,多年来,已从中分离出许多肽,对其进行了表征和分类,包括temporins,brevinins,Nigrocins和esculentins几个家族。在这篇综述中,我们总结了属于esculentin-1家族的肽的分离/表征如何推动我们设计具有强大抗菌作用和免疫调节特性的类似物esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2。该肽具有广泛的活性,特别是针对机会性革兰氏阴性菌铜绿假单胞菌。我们描述了该肽的结构特征和体外/体内生物学特性,以及用于改善其生物学特性的策略。其中:(i)设计一种带有D氨基酸的非对映异构体,以减少该肽的细胞毒性并提高其半衰期; (ii)肽与金纳米颗粒的共价缀合或将其封装到聚(丙交酯-共-乙交酯)纳米颗粒中; (iii)将肽固定在生物医学装置(例如硅水凝胶隐形眼镜)上以获得能够减少微生物生长和附着的抗菌表面。总结迄今为止所取得的最佳结果,本综述追溯了导致这些蛙皮AMP朝着基于肽的药物走向临床用途的所有步骤。
关键词: 抗菌肽,铜绿假单胞菌,先天免疫,金纳米颗粒,隐形眼镜,D-氨基酸,伤口愈合。
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