摘要
头孢菌素是β内酰胺类抗生素,分为五代,在临床实践中广泛用于治疗革兰氏阴性病原体引起的感染,包括肠杆菌科和铜绿假单胞菌。在商业上,传统的药物形式需要高剂量以确保临床疗效。此外,β-内酰胺类药物耐药机制,如酶的产生(称为扩展谱β-内酰胺酶)和这些抗生素的低血浆半衰期,在基于头孢菌素使用的临床治疗中一直具有挑战性。在这种情况下,将其掺入纳米颗粒中,无论是有机的还是无机的,都是在时间和空间上控制药物释放并改善其药代动力学和药效学局限性的替代方法。考虑到这一点,本综述将封装成有机和无机纳米颗粒的头孢菌素联合起来对抗耐药和非耐药性肠杆菌。我们将头孢菌素生成分为几个子主题,在其中我们讨论监管机构批准的所有分子。此外,讨论并提出了所有半合成衍生物的头孢菌素中心结构R1和R2位置的侧链的变化,因为这些组的变化分别与药理学和药代动力学性质的修饰有关。最终,我们展示了掺入不同纳米颗粒的头孢菌素的释放曲线和体外活性的进步和差异。
关键词: 头孢菌素,纳米颗粒,抗菌活性,感染,肠杆菌科,铜绿假单胞菌,有机或无机纳米系统,革兰氏阴性病原体。
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