Biologically Active Natural Products from Asia and Africa: A Selection of Topics

Anti-CHIKV Activities of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives

Author(s): Muhammad Torequl Islam

Pp: 46-56 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811489747121010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Background: Chikungunya (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne viral disease first described during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in 1952. It is an RNA virus, belonging to the alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae. To date, CHIKV has been identified in over 60 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Diterpenes consist of two terpene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32, and have four isoprene subunits, often known for their diverse biological effects, including anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral effects. Scientific reports over the past few decades, suggest that diterpenes and their derivatives can be one of the potential sources of therapeutic tools for the management of infectious diseases.

Aim: This review covers an up-to-date (2011 to July 2019) information regarding the anti-CHIKV effects of diterpenes and their derivatives on the basis of scientific evidence observed in databases.

Materials and Methods: A search was done in databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar by using relevant keywords.

Results: Findings report 121 diterpenes and their derivatives acting against CHIKV; among them, 54 were found to inhibit strongly with the EC50 <10 μM; while 18, 10, 10, and the rest are with 10 to <20 μM, 20 to <50 μM, 50 to <100 μM, and >100 μM, respectively.

Conclusion: More researches are necessary to investigate their possible mechanism of action behind the anti-CHIKV effect. Of note, diterpenes may be one of the important sources of anti-CHIKV drugs.


Keywords: Anti-viral drugs, Cell-based study, Chikungunya virus, Diterpenes, Diterpenoids, Terpenes.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309684047 and j.to_ip >=309684047 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835020 and j.to_date >= 1739835020 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14517) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309684047 and j.to_ip >=309684047 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835020 and j.to_date >= 1739835020 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14517) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309684047 and j.to_ip >=309684047 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835020 and j.to_date >= 1739835020 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14517)
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3033 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835020 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835020 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3033
      • 3: 1739835020
      • 4: 1739835020
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='430cfb16e4132de1c2460f97a2391a99'
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        A6Wij6Wuz2n7vdAUk1AZeycvCdyEQ0cFzB3tHtE4
        uc_cart_id
        430cfb16e4132de1c2460f97a2391a99
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14517" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14517
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:30:20GET/chapter/14517112198