Biologically Active Natural Products from Asia and Africa: A Selection of Topics

Quantification and Health Safety Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Anti-Diabetic Herbal Preparations Collected from Local Retailers Using the XRF Analytical Tool

Author(s): Rausan Zamir, ">Nazmul Islam, Mahfuza Parveen, Shipra Sarker, Rajib Kanti, M. Safiur Rahman and Omar Faruque

Pp: 15-24 (10)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811489747121010004

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In developing countries, an increase of diabetes became an alarming issue and recognized as the third leading fatal disorder among all syndromes. Bangladesh also has a large number of diabetic people in the world. In the present study, the quantification of major toxic metals and the assessment of their safety in the antidiabetic herbal preparations had been undertaken. In our investigation, a handful of samples collected randomly from different kiosks and herbal retail shops in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, were exposed to the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. It was found that the average concentration of calcium was the highest (660.82mg/50gm) and arsenic was the lowest in concentrations (<0.01mg/50gm) in all anti-diabetic herbal preparations (ADHPs). Cu, Fe and Ni concentration above the safety limits and two samples containing Zn concentration above the safety limits were recommended by WHO and FAO as 3 ppm, 20 ppm, 1.63 ppm and 50 ppm for herbal drugs, respectively. Other toxic heavy metals like As, Pb and Co were found with a respective concentration of <0.01, <0.012 and <0.22 mg/50 gm, which were all within their safe consumption limit. Patients who take the herbal drugs can suffer from dizziness, nausea and vomiting, dermatitis, irritation of the upper respiratory tract, abdominal pain, diarrhea, joints pain, shock, and even liver damage due to the overdose of iron and zinc. Based on the present study, it can be clarified that the percentage of heavy metal concentrations in herbal drugs in Bangladesh is at risk. Regulatory agencies should come forward and take the necessary measures to ensure the safety of finished herbal preparations.


Keywords: Anti-diabetic herbal preparations (ADHP), Heavy metal, X-ray fluorescence (XRF).

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version180msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:26:50] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (98.93ms)time
  • Application (80.9ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (55.01%)
    98.93ms
    1 x Application (44.99%)
    80.90ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed21.14ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51368230','',1,1739834810,1739834810) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739834810
      1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51368230','/chapter/14514',1,1739834810,1739834810)
      140μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51368230 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51368230) limit 1
      12.69msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51368230
      • 1: 51368230
      • 2: 51368230
      • 3: 51368230
      • 4: 51368230
      • 5: 51368230
      • 6: 51368230
      • 7: 51368230
      • 8: 51368230
      • 9: 51368230
      • 10: 51368230
      • 11: 51368230
      • 12: 51368230
      • 13: 51368230
      • 14: 51368230
      • 15: 51368230
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '14514' limit 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 14514
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '14514' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 14514
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '14514'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 14514
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 845 limit 1
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 845
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=845) and se.ebook_id!=845 and v.ebook_status='1'
      650μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=845) and se.ebook_id!=845 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=845)
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=845) limit 10 offset 0
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3033 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3033
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 845 and ebook_volume_id <> 3033 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 845
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '14514' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3033' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51368230 and j.to_ip >=51368230 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834810 and j.to_date >= 1739834810 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3033) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51368230 and j.to_ip >=51368230 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834810 and j.to_date >= 1739834810 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3033) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51368230 and j.to_ip >=51368230 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834810 and j.to_date >= 1739834810 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3033)
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51368230 and j.to_ip >=51368230 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834810 and j.to_date >= 1739834810 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14514) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51368230 and j.to_ip >=51368230 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834810 and j.to_date >= 1739834810 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14514) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51368230 and j.to_ip >=51368230 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834810 and j.to_date >= 1739834810 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14514)
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3033 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834810 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834810 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3033
      • 3: 1739834810
      • 4: 1739834810
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='4b3f29517d1ccd6a043553ceeb52fa18'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        JQaY0wj7fU4VHikMXfOOuSE6EkUtUYWHWyOAUngn
        uc_cart_id
        4b3f29517d1ccd6a043553ceeb52fa18
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14514" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14514
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdEejFQVDBaN1R0elU4TnJvV1ZtblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZnZueENYRVR0ZGxCeTlVeFBrYmJ6MXhCQXg3Y3Z6dmNGSHBRc002TWx1MnVxakszQWppR1VTQjBrUnBOR25HYVVJL2dyQ0EzWTJiWDZyY2ptUXR6Ym5ZMVR6Ynh3b2s0a2J2RzNIcWUzcU11aFdIR2srMXBFTjZuNHFWWDF1eEwiLCJtYWMiOiJjMzlhN2NiOTdmNTNjMmJmY2QxMDYwMTcxZjJkMDIyODFmOTFlMTJkNWMwMTA0YmZjYjU2NGI1NGViMTkwMTMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlU0UmRTaTNjdGhzQmhHd2tUdkNOcUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL3BmUTJmNk5VUFlhZkdiMytQSkN5NGJkQ1E1dXNYWWNuSlJvcnlVQnkxOWNrNkgrejhrZlR6NmNHaVhJQm12N3Y2MzRLOE84QXo1RlNIMFplY01qUnVIQUtJUXU0bTJhQXNiU3MyeTJOQzhQRmVmcHd0RUZDdmVQMFBadm13MzciLCJtYWMiOiI4MWViYjk3ZDk3NTRkMzBiOTkxODllMDA4MzJjYTFiZDI2MjAwMjQyOGViMDg3NGU5NDdjNWQ3NDljYTliZWM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3DXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdEejFQVDBaN1R0elU4TnJvV1ZtblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZnZueENYRVR0ZGxCeTlVeFBrYmJ6MXhCQXg3Y3Z6dmNGSHBRc002TWx1MnVxakszQWppR1VTQjBrUnBOR25HYVVJL2dyQ" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "JQaY0wj7fU4VHikMXfOOuSE6EkUtUYWHWyOAUngn" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "g9hB2Oy76qG7faSuQLqMXLiaLr4GJWg3jpTZWJyH" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:26:50 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBabndVUGR6azd6dW1XVGU0dUVBVVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGRIcnNXN3JoMHVObFdrcUdqS0Z1eHhFWUdBZnJXQi9IM1JjWitWYThFZjhINEJrS0tpaWJacmtGRVV1VnJEUTFDVFlWNjFLeisvSlFXUjk5YjNmZElmR29xNnp1VkUyaS9FN2xtZnBhbFZ5bjR5ZXlKaTRvV3MvdjZ4TVkvVHkiLCJtYWMiOiIwNWU4ZjM2ZGRmOTQzNGVmMWFjN2FkOWQwZDkzN2Q5YTNlNmIwYmVkYTI0NjRmMjkxZjA1YTcwNjRkMjExOGQ5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:26:50 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBabndVUGR6azd6dW1XVGU0dUVBVVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGRIcnNXN3JoMHVObFdrcUdqS0Z1eHhFWUdBZnJXQi9IM1JjWitWYThFZjhINEJrS0tpaWJacmtGRVV1VnJEUTFDVFlWN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijk5ZGpNM1JxLy85VmI4UXdaQUhlRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWdCd25wejV5a29YSnpoalJjRk5leVhvTkZoZVZkQjJ1cWR0Q1VOcnlSaVByWFpyaVRuLzZSR085bEVJelpTelVIdGh2NUpPNGdBaWZ3QUVYN2xJYzhKaUEvRkluMjFrTW00UGVpcmovQkN2T2VmQkdVQVVpaXJ3MUVhd3FYUk4iLCJtYWMiOiI2OTcyYjhhOGJjMzUwMmZhYTc4OWE5YzRkOWFjZDBlZGJkNTUyZjgxODNkYjA0ZjkxMWNlZGY5MGE0MzJlOGNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijk5ZGpNM1JxLy85VmI4UXdaQUhlRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWdCd25wejV5a29YSnpoalJjRk5leVhvTkZoZVZkQjJ1cWR0Q1VOcnlSaVByWFpyaVRuLzZSR08" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBabndVUGR6azd6dW1XVGU0dUVBVVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGRIcnNXN3JoMHVObFdrcUdqS0Z1eHhFWUdBZnJXQi9IM1JjWitWYThFZjhINEJrS0tpaWJacmtGRVV1VnJEUTFDVFlWNjFLeisvSlFXUjk5YjNmZElmR29xNnp1VkUyaS9FN2xtZnBhbFZ5bjR5ZXlKaTRvV3MvdjZ4TVkvVHkiLCJtYWMiOiIwNWU4ZjM2ZGRmOTQzNGVmMWFjN2FkOWQwZDkzN2Q5YTNlNmIwYmVkYTI0NjRmMjkxZjA1YTcwNjRkMjExOGQ5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:26:50 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjBabndVUGR6azd6dW1XVGU0dUVBVVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGRIcnNXN3JoMHVObFdrcUdqS0Z1eHhFWUdBZnJXQi9IM1JjWitWYThFZjhINEJrS0tpaWJacmtGRVV1VnJEUTFDVFlWN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijk5ZGpNM1JxLy85VmI4UXdaQUhlRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWdCd25wejV5a29YSnpoalJjRk5leVhvTkZoZVZkQjJ1cWR0Q1VOcnlSaVByWFpyaVRuLzZSR085bEVJelpTelVIdGh2NUpPNGdBaWZ3QUVYN2xJYzhKaUEvRkluMjFrTW00UGVpcmovQkN2T2VmQkdVQVVpaXJ3MUVhd3FYUk4iLCJtYWMiOiI2OTcyYjhhOGJjMzUwMmZhYTc4OWE5YzRkOWFjZDBlZGJkNTUyZjgxODNkYjA0ZjkxMWNlZGY5MGE0MzJlOGNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijk5ZGpNM1JxLy85VmI4UXdaQUhlRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWdCd25wejV5a29YSnpoalJjRk5leVhvTkZoZVZkQjJ1cWR0Q1VOcnlSaVByWFpyaVRuLzZSR08" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "JQaY0wj7fU4VHikMXfOOuSE6EkUtUYWHWyOAUngn" "uc_cart_id" => "4b3f29517d1ccd6a043553ceeb52fa18" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14514" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:26:50GET/chapter/14514112195