Emerging Targets to Relieve Fat Stress-Induced Liver Diseases: UDCA, Tocotrienol, ω-3 PUFAs, and IgY Targeted NPC1L1 Cholesterol Transporter

Title:Emerging Targets to Relieve Fat Stress-Induced Liver Diseases: UDCA, Tocotrienol, ω-3 PUFAs, and IgY Targeted NPC1L1 Cholesterol Transporter

Volume: 23 Issue: 27

Author(s): Ji-Young Cha, Jong-Min Park, Ho-Jae Lee, Jin-Sik Bae, Young-Min Han, Byung-Chul Oh, Kwang Hyun Ko and Ki-Baik Hahm*

Affiliation:

• CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex and CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, 463-838,Korea

Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, pharmacological therapy, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, IgY targeted NPC1L1, fatty acids.

Abstract: Fat stress-induced liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome initiated by excess fat accumulation and encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor lesion progressing to more aggressive liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the incidence of these fat stress-induced liver diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide in parallel with the growing epidemics of obesity and metabolic diseases, its exact pathogenesis is not well defined. Although obesity, sedentary life-style, altered dietary pattern, insulin resistance, altered intestinal barrier function, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress have been acknowledged as contributing factors because of the indefinite pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the only reliable treatment is lifestyle intervention composed of restrictive diet and exercise. Additionally, some existing medications such as pioglitazone and antioxidants such as vitamin E were reported to be effective; in this review, several novel agents especifically targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis under clinical trial will be introduced. These include an NPC1L1 blocker (ezetimibe), which significantly improved histological and symptomatic scores associated with steatohepatitis and fibrosis; clofibrate, phentoxyfylline, ursodeoxycholic acid, and tocopherol, all of which are prescribed to relieve fat stress; and additional IgY targeted NPC1L1, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are actively under investigation to confirm the safety of long-term use.

Cite this article as:

Cha Ji-Young , Park Jong-Min , Lee Ho-Jae , Bae Jin-Sik , Han Young-Min , Oh Byung-Chul , Ko Hyun Kwang and Hahm Ki-Baik *, Emerging Targets to Relieve Fat Stress-Induced Liver Diseases: UDCA, Tocotrienol, ω-3 PUFAs, and IgY Targeted NPC1L1 Cholesterol Transporter, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170714124824