Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Indian Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-299X
ISSN (Online): 2210-3007

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

A Review on recent approaches for the use of different Analytical Techniques to Analyze some Calcium Channel Blockers and their Combinations with other Antihypertensive Drugs

Author(s): Saylee Ganorkar, Nilesh Kulkarni and Rahul Khiste*

Volume 1, 2023

Published on: 23 October, 2023

Article ID: e2210299X250401 Pages: 28

DOI: 10.2174/012210299X250401231010114247

Price: $

Abstract

Background: Diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure all considerably raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. When all three of these characteristics occur at once, a metabolic problem is postulated. A combination of antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and anti-diabetic medications is frequently utilised to treat cardiovascular diseases. While statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to lower cholesterol levels, calcium channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine, efonidipine, and azelnidipine, etc.) are used to target the smooth muscles of the heart. Diuretics (e.g. chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptor antagonist (blockers) are also used to manage high blood pressure.

Objective: The study aimed to review liquid chromatography and related high-performance (HPLC) techniques that have been developed and used for evaluating the above drugs, together with an overview of the research work published in various scientific and drugs-linked journals.

Results: A basic critical investigation of the detailed published information has been completed and the current status of HPLC and related techniques as a percent measure of calcium channel blockers has been examined.

Conclusion: This survey has explored several matrices, including pharmacological products and organic samples, as well as methods for examining direct calcium blockers in them. It also discusses the current state of calcium channel blocker stability investigations. Additionally, it offers scientific approaches for the concurrent estimate of angiotensin II receptor antagonism, diuretics, statins, and beta-blockers with calcium channel blockers.

[1]
Bharti Mittu, A.C.; Chauhan, P. Analytical method development and validation: A concise review. J. Anal. Bioanal. Tech., 2015, 6(1), 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.1000233]
[2]
Muszalska, I.; Sobczak, A.; Dołhań, A.; Jelińska, A. Analysis of sartans: A review. J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 103(1), 2-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.23760] [PMID: 24227012]
[3]
Ramu, B.; Chittela, K.B. High performance thin layer chromatography and its role pharmaceutical industry. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 2018, 5(3), 29-34.
[4]
Patel, K.; Patel, J.; Patel, M.; Rajput, G.; Patel, H. Introduction to hyphenated techniques and their applications in pharmacy. Pharm. Methods, 2010, 1(1), 2-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-4708.72222] [PMID: 23781411]
[5]
Reddy, S.R. Hyphenated techniques- A comprehensive review. J. Advance Res. Develop., 2017, 2(4), 63-71.
[6]
Thamizhanban, D.; Rani, T.; Pravalika, P. A review on hyphenated separation techniques used in pharmaceutical analysis. J. Pharma. Biol. Sci., 2016, 11(6), 65-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-1106026574]
[7]
Ding, L.; Li, L.; Ma, P. Determination of azelnidipine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2007, 43(2), 575-579.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.011] [PMID: 16920318]
[8]
Ueyama, E.; Takahashi, F.; Ohashi, J.; Konse, T.; Kishi, N.; Kano, K. Mechanistic study on degradation of azelnidipine solution under radical initiator-based oxidative conditions. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2012, 61, 277-283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.12.001] [PMID: 22226042]
[9]
Kawabata, K.; Samata, N.; Urasaki, Y.; Fukazawa, I.; Uchida, N.; Uchida, E.; Yasuhara, H. Enantioselective determination of azelnidipine in human plasma using liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2007, 852(1-2), 389-397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.050] [PMID: 17350354]
[10]
Muralidharan, S.; Parasuraman, S.; Venugopal, V. Simple validation of azelnidipine by RP-HPLC method. Pharma. Reports., 2015, 1(1), 43-45.
[11]
Rane, A.S.; Mahajan, D.S.K. Validation and forced stability-indicating HPTLC method for determination of azelnidipine. World J. Pharm. Res., 2016, 5(9), 1053-1062.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20169-6930]
[12]
Modi, J.; Patel, S.K.; Parikh, N.; Shah, S.R.; Upadhyay, U.M. Stability indicating analytical method development and validation for estimation of azelnidipine. World J. Pharm. Res., 2016, 5(2), 831-847.
[13]
Raskapur, K.D.; Patel, M.M.; Captain, A.D. UV-spectrophotometric method development and validation for determination of azelnidipine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Int. J. Pharma. Pharmaceut. Sci., 2012, 4(1), 238-240.
[14]
Rajput, A.S.; Jha, D.K.; Gurram, S.; Shah, D.S.; Amin, P.D. RP-HPLC method development and validation for the quantification of Efonidipine hydrochloride in HME processed solid dispersions. Future J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 2020, 6(1), 70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43094-020-00094-2]
[15]
Patel, G.H.; Adeshra, S.D.; Meshram, D.B. RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and telmisartan in their synthetic mixture. IJPDA, 2021, 190-195.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.47957/ijpda.v9i3.480]
[16]
Adeshra, S. Development and validation of three novel UV spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and telmisartan in their synthetic mixture and its comparison using ANOVA. J. Med. Chem. Sci., 2021, 4(2), 145-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2021.2.5]
[17]
Charu, P.P.; Sadhana, J.R. Forced degradation study of efonidipine HCl ethanolate, characterization of degradation products by LC-Q-TOF-MS and NMR. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2020, 10(4), 75-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2020.104012]
[18]
Sidhdhapara Mital, J. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of cilnidipine and Olmesartan Medoxomil in their combined tablet dosage form. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 2014, 4(1), 157-160.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4150.2015.00026.7]
[19]
Safhi, M.M. Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of cilnidipine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Orient. J. Chem., 2013, 29(1), 131-134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/290123]
[20]
Sunitha, N.; Marihal, S.C. Method development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of olmesartan and cilnidipine. Int. J. Pharmaceut. Res. All. Sci., 2015, 4(3), 127-135.
[21]
Kachave, R.; Kale, M.; Wagh, R. Simultaneous estimation of cilnidipine and valsartan by RP-HPLC in tablet formulation. Eurasian J. Analy. Chem., 2016, 11(5), 245-253.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ejac.2016.137a]
[22]
Sojitra, R.G.; Chotaliya, U.J. Analytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of Fimasartan Potassium Trihydrate and Cilnidipine in synthetic mixture by HPLC for the treatment of hypertension stage-II. Future J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 2021, 7(1), 189.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00336-x]
[23]
Panda, S.S.; Dutta, S.; Bera, R.K.V.V.; Jammula, S. Analytical eco‐scale and quality by design‐oriented liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of metoprolol succinate, telmisartan, and cilnidipine in their fixed‐dose combination. Separ. Sci. Plus, 2021, 4(3), 128-136.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sscp.202000115]
[24]
Neelima, K.; Rajendra, P. Development and validation of rp-hplc method for the simultaneous estimation of chlorthalidone and cilnidipine in bulk and combined tablet dosage form. Pharmacophore Int. Res. J., 2014, 5(4), 442-450.
[25]
Rupareliya, R.H.; Joshi, H.S. Stability indicating simultaneous validation of telmisartan and cilnidipine with forced degradation behavior study by RP-HPLC in tablet dosage form. ISRN Chromatography, 2013, 2013(1), 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/461461]
[26]
Tiwari, B.; Shirsat, M.K.; Kulkarni, A. Development and validation of stability indicating rp-hplc method for estimation of cilnidipine. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2020, 10(1), 97-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1.3846]
[27]
Sankar, P.R.; Swathi, V.; Babu, P.S. Development and validation of novel uv and rp-hplc methods for determination of cilnidipine (a new generation ca channel blocker) in pharmaceutical dosage form. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2019, 10(4), 1886-1894.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(4).1886-94]
[28]
Patel, S.N.; Hinge, M.A.; Bhanushali, V.M. Development and validation of an UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of cilnidipine and chlorthalidone. J. Pharm. Res., 2015, 9(1), 41-45.
[29]
Runja, C.; Ravikumar, P.; Avanapu, S.R. A validated stability indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of aliskiren hemifumarate and amlodipine besylate in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatogr. Res. Int., 2014, 2014, 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/628319]
[30]
Bhusari Vidhya, K.; Dhaneshwar Sunil, R. Validated HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of amlodipine besylate, atenolol and aspirin in bulk drug and formulation. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Sci., 2012, 17(17), 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00035]
[31]
Juyal, V.; Chaudhary, M.; Kumar, P.; Gnanarajan, G.; Yadav, P.K. Method development and its validation for simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin and amlodipine in combination in tablet dosage form by uv spectroscopy, using multi-component mode of analysis. J. Pharm. Res., 2008, 2(6)
[32]
Sharma, N.; Verma, A.; Sharma, R.; Chauhan, J.; Dahiya, M. Development and validation of rp-hplc method using photodiode array or diode-array detection detector for simultaneous estimation of the amlodipine besylate and lisinopril in fixed-dose formulation. IJPQA, 2020, 11(03), 329-333.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.3.4]
[33]
Jain, P.S.; Patel, M.K.; Bari, S.B.; Surana, S.J. Development and validation of HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate and metoprolol succinate in bulk and tablets. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2012, 74(2), 152-156.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.103849] [PMID: 23325996]
[34]
Maimoon, S.; Reddy, K.N.K.; Swetha, P. RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate and telmisartan in tablet dosage form. Indian J. Res. Pharma. Biotechnol., 2017, 5(1), 74-76.
[35]
Rao, M.P.; Srikanth, M.; Umamaheswari, K. A RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous assay of amlodipine and hydrochlorthiazide in combined dosage form. Int. J. Pharmaceut. Chem. Analy., 2017, 4(4)
[36]
Sasidha, R.L.C.; Vidyadhara, S.; Deepti, B.; Tejaswi, K.; Suhasini, J. Development and validation of Rp - Hplc method for the simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine besylate and telmisartan in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Orient. J. Chem., 2014, 30(4), 1815-1822.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/300442]
[37]
Kavathia, A.; Misra, M. Development and validation of RP-HPLC and UV-spectrophotometric methods for rapid simultaneous estimation of amlodipine and benazepril in pure and fixed dose combination. Arab. J. Chem., 2017, 10, S3021-S3028.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.043]
[38]
Logoyda, L.; Kovalenko, S.; Abdel-Megied, A.M.; Zhulkevych, I.; Drapak, I.; Demchuk, I.; Netsyuk, O. Hplc method development for the analysis of bisoprolol in combined dosage form containing bisoprolol and enalapril and in vitro dissolution studied. Int. J. App. Pharm., 2019, 196-194.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i3.32391]
[39]
Kamble, A.Y.; Mahadik, M.V.; Khatal, L.D.; Dhaneshwar, S.R. Validated HPLC and HPTLC method for simultaneous quantitation of amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil in bulk drug and formulation. Anal. Lett., 2010, 43(2), 251-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710903325906]
[40]
Shah, D.A.; Patel, D.V.; Mehta, F.A.; Chhalotiya, U.K.; Bhatt, K.K. High-performance thin-layer chromatography method for estimating the stability of a combination of irbesartan and amlodipine besylate. J. Taibah Univ. Sci., 2015, 9(2), 177-186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.07.007]
[41]
Neha, B.; Jyoti, S.; Shaheen, S. LC-UV method development and validation of amlodipine in pure and tablet dosage form. Res. J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 5(2), 1-3.
[42]
Ahmed Elbashir, A.; Ali Mohammed Osman, R. Development and validation of stability indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan in pharmaceutical formulation. J. Anal. Pharm. Res., 2017, 6(5)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2017.06.00188]
[43]
Nagamani, P.; Manjunath, S.Y.; Hemant Kumar, T. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of amlodipine besylate and celecoxib in pharmaceutical formulation. J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2020, 10(6), 31-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i6.4521]
[44]
Sharma, D.; Jain, A.; Shrivastava, A. Simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate and nebivolol hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatographic using ultraviolet detection. Pharm. Methods, 2011, 2(1), 9-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-4708.81083] [PMID: 23781423]
[45]
Chitlange, S.; Imran, M.; Sakarkar, D. RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine and metoprolol in tablet formulation. Asian J. Pharm., 2008, 2(4), 232.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.45037]
[46]
Sakpal, P.H.; Chabukswar, A.R. Stability indicating rp - hplc method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine and chlorthalidone in bulk and tablet dosage form. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2020, 11(5), 2161-2168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(5).2161-68]
[47]
Tengli, A.R.; Shivakumar, G.; Gurupadayya, B.M. UPLCMS method development and validation of amlodipine, hydrochlorthiazide and losartan in combined tablet dosage form. Am. J. Anal. Chem., 2015, 6(3), 228-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2015.63021]
[48]
N, U.; K, D.; Vvs, A. Development and validation of UV-derivative spectroscopic and RP-HPLC methods for the determination of amlodipine besylate and valsartan in tablet dosage form and comparison of the developed methods by student’s T-Test. Indian J. Pharmaceut. Edu. Res., 2017, 51(4s), s776-s782.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.4s.112]
[49]
Bidouil, S.; Dubois, J.; Hanocq, M. Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of isradipine and its main metabolites. J. Chromatogr., Biomed. Appl., 1997, 693(2), 359-366.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00048-0] [PMID: 9210440]
[50]
Jean, C.; Laplanche, R. Assay of isradipine and of its major metabolites in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr., Biomed. Appl., 1988, 428(1), 61-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(00)83890-6] [PMID: 2971669]
[51]
Elghany, M.F.A.; Elzeany, B.E.; Elkawy, M.A.; Stewart, J.T. A stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic assay of isradipine in pharmaceutical preparations. Anal. Lett., 1996, 29(7), 1157-1165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719608001465]
[52]
Salunkhe, N.H.; Jadhav, N.R.; Bhinge, S.D. Validated RP-HPLC method for quantification of felodipine in rabbit plasma: Application in a bioequivalence study. Ann. Pharm. Fr., 2019, 77(1), 15-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2018.08.002] [PMID: 30243471]
[53]
Kallepalli, P.; Annapurna, M.M. A new stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of felodipine. Asian J. Pharm., 2018, 12(2)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v12i02.2400]
[54]
El Yazbi, F.A.; Mahrous, M.E.; Hammud, H.H.; Sonji, G.M.; Sonji, N.M. Comparative spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, and high‐performance liquid chromatographic study for the quantitative determination of the binary mixture felodipine and ramipril in pharmaceutical formulations. Anal. Lett., 2008, 41(5), 853-870.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710801934643]
[55]
Cardoza, R.M.; Amin, P.D. A stability indicating LC method for felodipine. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2002, 27(5), 711-718.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00490-3] [PMID: 11814712]
[56]
Sreedevi, V.; Kumar, P.R.; Thatavarti, R. LC-MS method development and validation for the estimation of felodipine in human plasma and stability studies of freeze thaw analyte. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2011, 2(2), 65-73.
[57]
Walash, M.I.; Belal, F.F.; El-Enany, N.M.; El-Maghrabey, M.H. Synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol and felodipine in combined pharmaceutical preparation. Chem. Cent. J., 2011, 5(1), 70-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-5-70] [PMID: 22059735]
[58]
Sawicki, W. A validated method for the determination of verapamil and norverapamil in human plasma. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2001, 25(3-4), 689-695.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00585-9] [PMID: 11377051]
[59]
Grech-Belanger, O.; Leboeuf, E.; Langlois, S. Assay of diltiazem and deacetyldiltiazem by capillary gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr., Biomed. Appl., 1987, 417(1), 89-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(87)80094-4] [PMID: 3624405]
[60]
Souza, M.A.C.; Pereira, C.E.O.; Nogueira, F.H.A.; Pianetti, G.A. Development and validation of a stability indicating HPLC method to determine diltiazem hydrochloride in tablets and compounded capsules. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci., 2017, 53(3)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902017000300041]
[61]
Sadeghi, F.; Navidpour, L.; Bayat, S.; Afshar, M. Validation and uncertainty estimation of an ecofriendly and stability-indicating HPLC method for determination of diltiazem in pharmaceutical preparations. J. Anal. Methods Chem., 2013, 2013, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/353814] [PMID: 24163778]
[62]
Devarajan, P.V.; Dhavse, V.V. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of diltiazem hydrochloride as bulk drug and in pharmaceutical preparations. J. Chromatogr., Biomed. Appl., 1998, 706(2), 362-366.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00548-3] [PMID: 9551826]
[63]
Chatpalliwar, V.A.; Porwal, P.K.; Upmanyu, N. Validated gradient stability indicating HPLC method for determining Diltiazem Hydrochloride and related substances in bulk drug and novel tablet formulation. J. Pharm. Anal., 2012, 2(3), 226-237.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2012.01.003] [PMID: 29403747]
[64]
Grundy, J.S.; Kherani, R.; Foster, R.T. Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for nifedipine in human plasma utilizing ultraviolet detection. J. Chromatogr., Biomed. Appl., 1994, 654(1), 146-151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(93)E0449-Z] [PMID: 8004237]
[65]
Shah, D.A.; Patel, J.S.; Jadeja, P.; Patel, V.B.; Chhalotiya, U.K. Development of stability indicating HPTLC method for estimation of antihypertensive drug combination nifedipine and valsartan. J. Taibah Univ. Sci., 2019, 13(1), 722-730.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1626574]
[66]
Choiri, S.; Ainurofiq, A.; Ratri, R.; Zulmi, M.U. Analytical method development of nifedipine and its degradants binary mixture using high performance liquid chromatography through a quality by design approach. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 333, 012064.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/333/1/012064]
[67]
Wang, X.D.; Li, J.L.; Lu, Y.; Chen, X.; Huang, M.; Chowbay, B.; Zhou, S.F. Rapid and simultaneous determination of nifedipine and dehydronifedipine in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a clinical herb–drug interaction study. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2007, 852(1-2), 534-544.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.026] [PMID: 17339138]
[68]
Kharat, V.R.; Verma, K.K.; Dhake, J.D. Determination of lacidipine from urine by HPTLC using off-line SPE. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2002, 28(3-4), 789-793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00584-2] [PMID: 12008159]
[69]
Vinodh, M.; Vinayak, M.; Rahul, K.; Pankaj, P. Development and validation of a HPLC method for the determination of lacidipine in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Malaysian J. Analy. Sci., 2012, 16(3), 213-219.
[70]
Geng, Y.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, J.; Guo, B.; Ma, P.; Li, Y.; Zhang, T. Development of a supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of lacidipine in beagle dog plasma and its application to a bioavailability study. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2014, 945-946, 121-126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.029] [PMID: 24333769]
[71]
Ravichandran, V.; Raghuramani, S.; Sankar, V.; Kalaiselvan, V.; Dharuman, J.; Dharamsi, A. Spectrophotometricmethod for determination of lacidipine in tablets. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 797-799.
[72]
Kharad, S.L.; Tiwari, R.N. Development and validation of HPLC method for nicardipine hydrochloride. J. Pharm. Res., 2011, 4(7), 2226-2227.
[73]
Al-Ghannam, S.M.; Al-Olayan, A.M. Stability-indicating HPLC method for the determination of nicardipine in capsules and spiked human plasma. Identification of degradation products using HPLC/MS. Arab. J. Chem., 2019, 12(8), 1983-1993.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.044]
[74]
Qi, M.; Wang, P.; Jin, X. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of nicardipine in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2006, 830(1), 81-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.035] [PMID: 16280265]
[75]
Ubale, M.B.; Dhakane, V.D.; Chaudhari, V.R. A validated stability-indicating HPLC assay method for nicardipine hydrochloride in bulk drug and dosage form. Elixir Appl. Chem., 2011, 5(41), 5867-5870.
[76]
Mateti, A.; Aarelly, K.; Thimmaraju, M.K.; Raghunandan, N. Method development and validation of nicardipine hydrochloride in bulk and formulation using UV spectrophotometric method. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2012, 4(7), 3688-3694.
[77]
Qiu, F.; Chen, X.; Li, X.; Zhong, D. Determination of nimodipine in human plasma by a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2004, 802(2), 291-297.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.001] [PMID: 15018790]
[78]
He, Z.; Zhong, D.; Chen, X.; Liu, X.; Tang, X.; Zhao, L. Development of a dissolution medium for nimodipine tablets based on bioavailability evaluation. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 21(4), 487-491.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2003.11.009] [PMID: 14998579]
[79]
Shaikh, L.B.; Pande, V.V.; Musmade, D.S.; Patil, P.P. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of process related impurity in nimodipine bulk and formulation. Der Pharma. Lett., 2015, 7(3), 287-290.
[80]
Barmpalexis, P.; Kanaze, F.I.; Georgarakis, E. Developing and optimizing a validated isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation of nimodipine and impurities in tablets using experimental design methodology. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2009, 49(5), 1192-1202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.03.003] [PMID: 19369025]
[81]
Ravinchandran, V.; Sultana, M.T.; Shameem, A.; Balaakumar, M.; Raghuraman, S.; Sankar, V. Spectrophotometric method for determination of nimodipine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Indian J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 201, 635, 425-427.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy