Abstract
Aims: This work assessed the antihyperglycemic effect of Euphorbia guyoniana.
Background: Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) is widely used in traditional medicine.
Objective: This study was designed to confirm this traditional use by assessing its antihyperglycemic capacity in vivo.
Methods: The effect of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) (60 mg/kg) on glycemia in both normal and diabetic rats was evaluated. The glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus and soleus) was measured. Furthermore, liver histopathological analysis was performed.
Results: The findings showed that Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) exhibited a significant decrease in glycaemia in diabetic rats (from 20±2 mmol/l to 5.5 mmol/l after 6 hours of oral administration; p<0.0001 and from 20±2 mmol/l to 4.5 mmol/l after 7 days of once-daily repeated oral administration of the aqueous Euphorbia guyoniana extract; p<0.0001). In addition, the extract increased the glycogen content in the liver (41±4 mg/g versus 70±5 mg/g in normal and diabetic rats respectively) and extensor digitorum longus (39±4 mg/g versus 60±1 mg/g in normal and diabetic rats, respectively), and partially restored corporal weight in diabetic rats. Furthermore, this aqueous extract has been shown to suppress hyperglycemia induced by glucose load in treated diabetic rats. Additionally, hepatic histology in diabetic rats has been improved. This plant revealed the presence of several phytochemical constituents and possessed antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: The current study evidenced that Euphorbia guyoniana (Boss. and Reut.) has a beneficial effect on improving hyperglycemia and glycogen depletion in the diabetic state.
Keywords: Antihyperglycemic, Euphorbia guyoniana, glycogen content, streptozotocin, medicinal plant, aqueous extract.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Talukder, A.; Hossain, M.Z. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in bangladesh: application of two-level logistic regression model. Sci. Rep., 2020, 10(1), 10237.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66084-9] [PMID: 32581295]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66084-9] [PMID: 32581295]
[2]
Lin, X.; Xu, Y.; Pan, X.; Xu, J.; Ding, Y.; Sun, X.; Song, X.; Ren, Y.; Shan, P.F. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci. Rep., 2020, 10(1), 14790.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9] [PMID: 32901098]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9] [PMID: 32901098]
[3]
Rehani, P.R.; Iftikhar, H.; Nakajima, M.; Tanaka, T.; Jabbar, Z.; Rehani, R.N. Safety and mode of action of diabetes medications in comparison with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). J. Diabetes Res., 2019, 2019, 4267357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4267357] [PMID: 31781665]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4267357] [PMID: 31781665]
[4]
Zhao, R.; Lu, Z.; Yang, J.; Zhang, L.; Li, Y.; Zhang, X. Drug delivery system in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2020, 8, 880.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00880] [PMID: 32850735]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00880] [PMID: 32850735]
[5]
Villas Boas, G.R.; Rodrigues Lemos, J.M.; de Oliveira, M.W.; Dos Santos, R.C.; Stefanello da Silveira, A.P. BarbieriBacha, F.; Ito, C.N.A.; Bortolotte Cornelius, E.; Brioli Lima, F.; Sachilarid Rodrigues, A.M.; Belmal Costa, N.; Francisco Bittencourt, F. Freitas de Lima, F.; Meirelles Paes, M.; Gubert, P.; Oesterreich, S.A. Aqueous extract from Mangiferaindica Linn. (Anacardiaceae) leaves exerts long-term hypoglycemic effect, increases insulin sensitivity and plasma insulin levels on diabetic Wistar rats. PLoS One, 2020, 15(1), 0227105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227105] [PMID: 31914140]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227105] [PMID: 31914140]
[6]
Tran, N.; Pham, B.; Le, L. Bioactive compounds in anti-diabetic plants: From herbal medicine to modern drug discovery. Biology (Basel), 2020, 9(9), 252.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090252] [PMID: 32872226]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090252] [PMID: 32872226]
[7]
Amssayef, A.; Ajebli, M.; Eddouks, M. Aqueous extract of oakmoss produces antihypertensive activity in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats through sGC-cGMP pathway. Clin. Exp. Hypertens., 2021, 43(1), 49-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1797087] [PMID: 32706597]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2020.1797087] [PMID: 32706597]
[8]
Ernst, M.; Grace, O.M.; Saslis-Lagoudakis, C.H.; Nilsson, N.; Simonsen, H.T.; Rønsted, N. Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae). J. Ethnopharmacol., 2015, 176, 90-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025] [PMID: 26485050]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025] [PMID: 26485050]
[9]
Haba, H.; Marcourt, L.; Benkhaled, M.; Long, C. Minor ent-abietane diterpenoids from Euphorbia guyoniana. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2013, 8(11), 1519-1522.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300801105] [PMID: 24427931]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300801105] [PMID: 24427931]
[10]
Telli, A.; Esnault, M.A.; Khelil, A.O. An ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in traditional diabetes treatment in south-eastern Algeria (Ouargla province). J. Arid Environ., 2016, 127, 82-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.11.005]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.11.005]
[11]
Amssayef, A.; Eddouks, M. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of cotula cinerea (Del) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2020, 20(9), 1504-1513.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200513081312] [PMID: 32400337]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200513081312] [PMID: 32400337]
[12]
Erhirhie, E.O.; Ihekwereme, C.P.; Ilodigwe, E.E. Advances in acute toxicity testing: strengths, weaknesses and regulatory acceptance. Interdiscip. Toxicol., 2018, 11(1), 5-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0001] [PMID: 30181707]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0001] [PMID: 30181707]
[13]
Amssayef, A.; Azzaoui, B.; Ajebli, M.; Eddouks, M. Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant Activities of matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz.in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem., 2021, 19(1), 62-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525718666200506100139] [PMID: 32370726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525718666200506100139] [PMID: 32370726]
[14]
Morris, S. The estimation of glycogen with anthrone reagent. Science, 1948, 107(2775), 254.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.107.2775.254] [PMID: 17814729]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.107.2775.254] [PMID: 17814729]
[15]
Carroll, N.V.; Longley, R.W.; Roe, J.H. The determination of glycogen in liver and muscle by use of anthrone reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 1956, 220(2), 583-593.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65284-6] [PMID: 13331917]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65284-6] [PMID: 13331917]
[16]
Salehi, B.; Iriti, M.; Vitalini, S.; Antolak, H.; Pawlikowska, E.; Kręgiel, D.; Sharifi-Rad, J.; Oyeleye, S.I.; Ademiluyi, A.O.; Czopek, K.; Staniak, M.; Custódio, L.; Coy-Barrera, E.; Segura- Carretero, A.; Cádiz-Gurrea, M.L.; Capasso, R.; Cho, W.C.; Seca, A.M.L. Euphorbia-derived natural products with potential for use in health maintenance. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(8), 337.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080337] [PMID: 31382529]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080337] [PMID: 31382529]
[17]
Leite, A.C.; Araújo, T.G.; Carvalho, B.M.; Silva, N.H.; Lima, V.L.; Maia, M.B. Parkinsonia aculeata aqueous extract fraction: biochemical studies in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 111(3), 547-552.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.032] [PMID: 17276638]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.032] [PMID: 17276638]
[18]
Ighodaro, O.M.; Akinloye, O.A. Anti-diabetic potential of Sapium ellipticum (Hochst) Pax leaf extract in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2017, 17(1), 525.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2013-8] [PMID: 29216879]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2013-8] [PMID: 29216879]
[19]
Ferrer, J.C.; Favre, C.; Gomis, R.R.; Fernández-Novell, J.M.; García-Rocha, M.; de la Iglesia, N.; Cid, E.; Guinovart, J.J. Control of glycogen deposition. FEBS Lett., 2003, 546(1), 127-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00565-9] [PMID: 12829248]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00565-9] [PMID: 12829248]
[20]
Vats, V.; Yadav, S.P.; Grover, J.K. Effect of T. foenumgraecum on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2003, 85(2-3), 237-242.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00022-9] [PMID: 12639747]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00022-9] [PMID: 12639747]
[21]
Amssayef, A.; Lahrach, N.; Eddouks, M. Potent antihyperglycemic effects of an endemic plant from morocco (matthiola maroccana coss.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2021, 21(3), 434-440.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200513081312] [PMID: 32433012]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200513081312] [PMID: 32433012]
[22]
Zhang, P.; Li, T.; Wu, X.; Nice, E.C.; Huang, C.; Zhang, Y. Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies. Front. Med., 2020, 14(5), 583-600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-019-0729-1] [PMID: 32248333]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-019-0729-1] [PMID: 32248333]
[23]
Johansen, J.S.; Harris, A.K.; Rychly, D.J.; Ergul, A. Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2005, 4, 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-4-5] [PMID: 15862133]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-4-5] [PMID: 15862133]
[24]
Boudiar, T.; Hichem, L.; Khalfallah, A.; Kabouche, A.; Kabouche, Z.; Brouard, I.; Bermejo, J.; Bruneau, C. A new alkaloid and flavonoids from the aerial parts of Euphorbia guyoniana. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2010, 5(1), 35-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000500109] [PMID: 20184016]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000500109] [PMID: 20184016]
[25]
Al-Ishaq, R.K.; Abotaleb, M.; Kubatka, P.; Kajo, K.; Büsselberg, D. Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(9), 430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430] [PMID: 31480505]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430] [PMID: 31480505]
[26]
Etsassala, N.G.E.R.; Cupido, C.N.; Iwuoha, E.I.; Hussein, A.A. Abietane diterpenes as potential candidates for the management of type 2 diabetes. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2020, 26(24), 2885-2891.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200331082917] [PMID: 32228419]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200331082917] [PMID: 32228419]
[27]
Saad, B.; Zaid, H.; Shanak, S.; Kadan, S. Anti-diabetes and anti-obesity medicinal plants and phytochemicals; Springer International Publishing: Switzerland, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54102-0]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54102-0]
[28]
Madhavan, V.; Murali, A.; Lalitha, D.S.; Yoganarasimhan, S. Studies on anti-hyperglycemic effect of Euphorbia antiquorum L. root in diabetic rats. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol., 2015, 4(4), 308-313.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jice.20150904094206] [PMID: 26649236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jice.20150904094206] [PMID: 26649236]
[29]
Scicchitano, P.; Cameli, M.; Maiello, M.; Amedeo Modesti, P.; Muiesan, M.L.; Novo, S.; Palmiero, P.; Saba, P.S.; Pedrinelli, R.; Ciccone, M.M. Nutraceuticals and dyslipidaemia: Beyond the common therapeutics. J. Funct. Foods, 2014, 6, 11-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.006]
[30]
Subramanian, S.P.; Bhuvaneshwari, S.; Prasath, G.S. Antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Euphorbia hirta leaves extract studied in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. Gen. Physiol. Biophys., 2011, 30(3), 278-285.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/gpb_2011_03_278] [PMID: 21952437]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/gpb_2011_03_278] [PMID: 21952437]
[31]
Shamim, T.; Ahmad, M.; Mukhtar, M. Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Euphorbia prostrate on alloxan_induced diabetic rabbits. Eur. Sci. J., 2014, 15, 458-465.
[32]
Zafar, M.; Sharif, A.; Khan, D.; Akhtar, B.; Muhammad, F.; Akhtar, M.F.; Fatima, T. Preventive effect of Euphorbia royleana Boiss on diabetes induced by streptozotocin via modulating oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Toxin Rev., 2020, 40(4), 777-790.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2020.1780262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2020.1780262]
Article Metrics
24
1