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Current Medical Imaging

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ISSN (Print): 1573-4056
ISSN (Online): 1875-6603

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Review Article

Fluid-fluid Levels in Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging

Author(s): Shinji Tsukamoto, Costantino Errani*, Fabio Facchini, Panayiotis Papagelopoulos and Andreas F. Mavrogenis

Volume 17, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 06 August, 2020

Page: [157 - 165] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666200806173258

Price: $65

Abstract

Fluid-fluid levels result from the separation of two fluids of differing densities within a cavernous space with the boundary between the two layers running in a horizontal plane at 90 degrees to the direction of gravity. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive imaging modality to identify fluid-fluid levels. Although the most common bone lesions containing fluid-fluid levels are aneurysmal bone cyst and telangiectatic osteosarcoma, fluid-fluid levels can be observed in a wide variety of bone and soft tissue lesions. Therefore, fluid-fluid levels cannot be considered diagnostic of any particular type of tumor and the diagnosis should be made on the basis of other clinical, radiological and pathological findings. This article summarizes the pathophysiology and imaging characteristics of fluid-fluid levels and discusses the differential diagnosis of tumors with this imaging sign.

Keywords: Fluid-fluid levels, imaging, differential diagnosis, bone tumors, soft tissue tumors, prognosis.

Graphical Abstract

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