Abstract
Launching a new drug on the market is an extremely time-consuming and expensive process. The total costs from the lab bench to the patients bedside are in the range of $800 million for each new compound. Innovative preclinical assays are urgently needed to select the most promising drug candidates. High-throughput molecular screening does not provide information on the effects on cellular functions. Testing on animals is expensive, ethically controversial, and poorly predictive of the response in humans. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cellular assays do not accurately reflect the drug response in vivo. To overcome these limitations, biotechnologists are developing three-dimensional (3D) cultures. 3D cultures provide more accurate compound screening and can eliminate toxic and ineffective substances at an early stage. Moreover, 3D cultures can accomplish the 3R agenda (refinement, reduction, and replacement) for the replacement of toxicity testing on animals. We provide an up-to-date overview on the patents in the field.
Keywords: 3D cell culture, extracellular matrix, ECM, cellular spheroid, microcarrier culture, microfluidic culture, organotypic culture, drug discovery, toxicity screening, 3R agenda
Recent Patents on Biotechnology
Title: Three-Dimensional Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Toxicology
Volume: 3 Issue: 2
Author(s): Francesco Pampaloni, Ernst H. K. Stelzer and Andrea Masotti
Affiliation:
Keywords: 3D cell culture, extracellular matrix, ECM, cellular spheroid, microcarrier culture, microfluidic culture, organotypic culture, drug discovery, toxicity screening, 3R agenda
Abstract: Launching a new drug on the market is an extremely time-consuming and expensive process. The total costs from the lab bench to the patients bedside are in the range of $800 million for each new compound. Innovative preclinical assays are urgently needed to select the most promising drug candidates. High-throughput molecular screening does not provide information on the effects on cellular functions. Testing on animals is expensive, ethically controversial, and poorly predictive of the response in humans. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cellular assays do not accurately reflect the drug response in vivo. To overcome these limitations, biotechnologists are developing three-dimensional (3D) cultures. 3D cultures provide more accurate compound screening and can eliminate toxic and ineffective substances at an early stage. Moreover, 3D cultures can accomplish the 3R agenda (refinement, reduction, and replacement) for the replacement of toxicity testing on animals. We provide an up-to-date overview on the patents in the field.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pampaloni Francesco, Stelzer H. K. Ernst and Masotti Andrea, Three-Dimensional Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Toxicology, Recent Patents on Biotechnology 2009; 3 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187220809788700201
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187220809788700201 |
Print ISSN 1872-2083 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-4012 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Preface: A New Era of Nanoimmunology
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Multidrug-Resistance (MDR) Proteins Develops Refractory Epilepsy Phenotype:Clinical and Experimental Evidences
Current Drug Therapy New Indications for Established Drugs: Combined Tumor-Stroma-Targeted Cancer Therapy with PPARγ Agonists, COX-2 Inhibitors, mTOR Antagonists and Metronomic Chemotherapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Protein Kinase C Isozymes as Potential Targets for Anticancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Modulation of k-Ras Signaling by Natural Products
Current Medicinal Chemistry In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches for Screening the Potential of Anticancer Agents: A Review
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Prodrugs in Genetic Chemoradiotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Long-circulating Targeted Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Current Nanoscience <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Interaction Studies of Chitosan Polymer with Aromatase Inhibitor: Leads to Letrozole Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Implication of Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy in the Treatment of BRAF Inhibitor Resistant Melanoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Modulation of Angiogenesis for Cancer Prevention: Strategies Based On Antioxidants and Copper Deficiency
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bioengineering RNA Silencing Across the Life Kingdoms
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Emerging Immunotargets in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Current Drug Targets Animal Venoms have Potential to Treat Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Genomic Instability in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lymphatics and Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of miRNAs in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy: A Recent Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design Development of Prodrugs for Enzyme-Mediated, Tumor-Selective Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Microarrays and the Genetic Analysis of Brain Tumors
Current Genomics Strategies for the Biological Evaluation of Gold Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry