Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely recognized animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is highly useful for studying inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). EAE exhibits many similarities with MS, which is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting CNS white matter in humans. Various studies have indicated that EAE is a particularly useful animal model for understanding both the mechanisms of immune-mediated CNS pathology and also the progressive clinical course of MS. Demyelination and axonal dysfunction have previously been shown in MS and EAE but current evidences indicate that axonal damage and neuron death also occur, demonstrating that these diseases harbor a neurodegenerative component. Recent studies also have shown that the activation of calpain and caspase pathways contribute to the apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes and neurons, promoting the pathological events leading to neurological deficits. Apoptosis is involved in the disease-regulating as well as in the disease-promoting processes in EAE. This review discusses the major involvement of calpain and caspase pathways in causing demyelination and neurodegeneration in EAE animals.
Keywords: Apoptosis, calpain, caspase, cytokine, demyelination, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title: Activation of Calpain and Caspase Pathways in Demyelination and Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): Arabinda Das, M. Kelly Guyton, Jonathan T. Butler, Swapan K. Ray and Naren L. Banik
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apoptosis, calpain, caspase, cytokine, demyelination, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration
Abstract: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely recognized animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is highly useful for studying inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). EAE exhibits many similarities with MS, which is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting CNS white matter in humans. Various studies have indicated that EAE is a particularly useful animal model for understanding both the mechanisms of immune-mediated CNS pathology and also the progressive clinical course of MS. Demyelination and axonal dysfunction have previously been shown in MS and EAE but current evidences indicate that axonal damage and neuron death also occur, demonstrating that these diseases harbor a neurodegenerative component. Recent studies also have shown that the activation of calpain and caspase pathways contribute to the apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes and neurons, promoting the pathological events leading to neurological deficits. Apoptosis is involved in the disease-regulating as well as in the disease-promoting processes in EAE. This review discusses the major involvement of calpain and caspase pathways in causing demyelination and neurodegeneration in EAE animals.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Das Arabinda, Guyton Kelly M., Butler T. Jonathan, Ray K. Swapan and Banik L. Naren, Activation of Calpain and Caspase Pathways in Demyelination and Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2008; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152708784936699
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152708784936699 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
The Role of D<sub>2</sub>-like Dopaminergic Receptor in Dopamine-mediated Modulation
of Th17-cells in Multiple Sclerosis
Current Neuropharmacology Molecular Imaging with Small Animal PET/CT
Current Medical Imaging Inhibition of Type 1 Diabetes Development by Vitamin D Receptor Agonists
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Potential Drugs Targeting Microglia: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: A New "Cells as Drugs" Paradigm. Efficacy and Critical Aspects in Cell Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protein Arginine Deiminases and Associated Citrullination: Physiological Functions and Diseases Associated with Dysregulation
Current Drug Targets Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases: A Pharmacological Approach to the Treatment of Non-Cancer Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Redox Processes in Neurodegenerative Disease Involving Reactive Oxygen Species
Current Neuropharmacology Transplantation of Genetically Modified Haematopoietic Stem Cells to Induce Antigen-Specific Tolerance as a Cure for Autoimmune Diseases
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Thymoquinone Glucuronide Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle for Bimodal Imaging and Treatment of Cancer as a Novel Theranostic Platform
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Apoptosis and Autoimmune Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents HCV-Related Central and Peripheral Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Metallic Colloid Nanotechnology, Applications in Diagnosis and Therapeutics
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Modulation of Pain by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 7 and 8 in the Dorsal Striatum
Current Neuropharmacology Antibody Responses, Amyloid-β Peptide Remnants and Clinical Effects of AN-1792 Immunization in Patients with AD in an Interrupted Trial
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Neuroinflammation and Immunity: A New Pharmacological Target in Depression
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Changing Face of Cytokines in the Brain: Perspectives From EAE
Current Pharmaceutical Design Reyess Syndrome, Encephalopathy, Hyperammonemia and Acetyl Salicylic Acid Ingestion in a City Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Current Drug Safety Modulators of Small- and Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels and their Therapeutic Indications
Current Medicinal Chemistry