Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Treatment Strategies in Crohns Disease

Jean-Marie      Reimund; Julia      Ratajczyk; Brigitte      Sola; Anne-Marie      Justum; Christian   D.   Muller

doi:10.2174/187221307779815093

Abstract

Crohns disease is a complex multifactorial disorder characterized by the alternation of a cytokine-driven Tlymphocyte- depending inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and “off” periods, where patients are completely asymptomatic. Although all the causative factors have not been clearly identified, the continuously growing understanding of the major abnormalities of the inflammatory and immune response leading to the often debilitating symptoms reported by Crohns disease patients, improves our capacity to characterize new potential therapeutic targets with the subsequent hope to discover new (more efficient and less toxic) drugs. Saying that, in the recent years, tumor necrosis factor-alpha undoubtedly emerges as a key cytokine involved in Crohns disease pathogenesis, and constant efforts have been made to control tumor necrosis factor-alpha deleterious effects in Crohns disease. This review schematically summarizes the current understanding of tumor necrosis factor-alphas role in Crohns disease pathogenesis as well as the present and the future treatment strategies which may be helpful in patients by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and effects. Beside drugs under investigation, several original approaches are described or mentioned, most of them leading to recent patents such as polyclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies from avian origin, allowing potentially oral administration, or combination strategies such as vitamin D and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies or methotrexate and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies, or decoy oligodeoxynucleotides interfering with the binding of nuclear factor-κB to its target genes promoters.

Keywords: Crohn's disease, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor-α receptors, monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, vitamin D, kinase inhibitors, nuclear factor-κB inhibitors, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors