Abstract
The clinical presentation of heart disease is different between men and women and this distinction is pivotal for a correct diagnosis and an adequate treatment. However, the definition of symptoms classically associated with heart disease is mainly based on the characteristics of those reported in men. Chest pain or chest discomfort in women are therefore often regarded as “atypical” and these symptoms tend to be misdiagnosed and under- treated. Further, women are less likely to receive appropriate invasive and non invasive investigations. They are less likely to refer for medical help and tend to present late in the process of the cardiovascular disease, with delays in the start of effective treatment. Therefore, a gender-specific assessment of cardiovascular risk is strongly advised for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of heart disease.
Keywords: Coronary disease, angina, heart disease, women, misdiagnosed, symptomatology, atypical, palpitations, dyspnea, scapula, angiograms, prognosis, dyslipidemia, atherogenic, stratification, diastolic, systolic, intramural
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Gender Differences in the Clinical Presentation of Heart Disease
Volume: 17 Issue: 11
Author(s): Peter Collins, Cristiana Vitale, Ilaria Spoletini and Giuseppe Barbaro
Affiliation:
Keywords: Coronary disease, angina, heart disease, women, misdiagnosed, symptomatology, atypical, palpitations, dyspnea, scapula, angiograms, prognosis, dyslipidemia, atherogenic, stratification, diastolic, systolic, intramural
Abstract: The clinical presentation of heart disease is different between men and women and this distinction is pivotal for a correct diagnosis and an adequate treatment. However, the definition of symptoms classically associated with heart disease is mainly based on the characteristics of those reported in men. Chest pain or chest discomfort in women are therefore often regarded as “atypical” and these symptoms tend to be misdiagnosed and under- treated. Further, women are less likely to receive appropriate invasive and non invasive investigations. They are less likely to refer for medical help and tend to present late in the process of the cardiovascular disease, with delays in the start of effective treatment. Therefore, a gender-specific assessment of cardiovascular risk is strongly advised for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of heart disease.
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Cite this article as:
Collins Peter, Vitale Cristiana, Spoletini Ilaria and Barbaro Giuseppe, Gender Differences in the Clinical Presentation of Heart Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795656927
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795656927 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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