Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule, which was first discovered in 1987 by Geraghty and colleagues [1]. While classical HLA class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, the expression of the HLA-G molecule is highly tissue-restricted, such as to placental trophoblast cells. HLA-G binds inhibitory receptors such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors B1 (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85j) and LILRB2 (ILT4/CD85d), which are widely expressed on immune cells, to suppress a broad range of immune responses [2-4]. Thus, the expression of HLA-G in placenta protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. On the other hand, emerging studies have shown the relevance of the HLA-G molecule in pathologic conditions, such as transplantation rejection, autoimmunity, and cancer. HLA-G has other unique characteristics, in contrast with classical HLA molecules, including the existence of various forms of HLA-G: several splice variants, subunit-deficient conformations, homodimers, and their combinations have been found [5]. In this review, we highlight the molecular basis for the tolerogenic ability of the HLA-G molecule, especially by LILR recognition of various forms of HLA-G. We also discuss the potential clinical applications of HLA-G molecules.
Keywords: HLA-G, LILR, immune suppression, maternal-fetal interface
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: HLA-G Molecule
Volume: 15 Issue: 28
Author(s): Jun Kamishikiryo and Katsumi Maenaka
Affiliation:
Keywords: HLA-G, LILR, immune suppression, maternal-fetal interface
Abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule, which was first discovered in 1987 by Geraghty and colleagues [1]. While classical HLA class I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, the expression of the HLA-G molecule is highly tissue-restricted, such as to placental trophoblast cells. HLA-G binds inhibitory receptors such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors B1 (LILRB1/ILT2/CD85j) and LILRB2 (ILT4/CD85d), which are widely expressed on immune cells, to suppress a broad range of immune responses [2-4]. Thus, the expression of HLA-G in placenta protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. On the other hand, emerging studies have shown the relevance of the HLA-G molecule in pathologic conditions, such as transplantation rejection, autoimmunity, and cancer. HLA-G has other unique characteristics, in contrast with classical HLA molecules, including the existence of various forms of HLA-G: several splice variants, subunit-deficient conformations, homodimers, and their combinations have been found [5]. In this review, we highlight the molecular basis for the tolerogenic ability of the HLA-G molecule, especially by LILR recognition of various forms of HLA-G. We also discuss the potential clinical applications of HLA-G molecules.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kamishikiryo Jun and Maenaka Katsumi, HLA-G Molecule, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789105153
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789105153 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
New Approaches With Natural Product Drugs for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design 5-Aminoisoquinolin-1-one (5-AIQ), a Water-Soluble Inhibitor of the Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerases (PARPs)
Current Medicinal Chemistry Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor: More than Just A Protease Inhibitor
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Unraveling Potential Candidate Targets Associated with Expression of p16<sup>INK4a</sup> or p16 Truncated Fragment by Comparative Proteomics Analysis
Current Proteomics Plant and Animal Steroids a New Hope to Search for Antiviral Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chronic Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potentialities of Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells for Treatment of Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine Recent Patents and Advances in Hepatocyte-Like Cells Differentiation by Perinatal Stem Cells
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Tissue-Specific Methylation of Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 of Homo Sapiens (L1Hs) During Human Embryogenesis and Roles in Neural Tube Defects
Current Molecular Medicine Prostaglandin E Synthase: A Novel Drug Target for Inflammation and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Systemic Drugs for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Cholestasis During Pregnancy: Aetiopathogenesis, Foetal-Maternal Repercussions and Pharmacological Treatments
Current Women`s Health Reviews DNA Methylation, An Epigenetic Mode of Gene Expression Regulation in Reproductive Science
Current Pharmaceutical Design Unraveling Progesterone-Induced Molecular Mechanisms in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Current Clinical Pharmacology Xenobiotic-Induced Transcriptional Regulation of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes of the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily in Human Extrahepatic Tissues
Current Drug Metabolism Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) miR-27b-3p is Highly Expressed in Serum of Patients with Preeclampsia and has Clinical Significance
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Counteracting Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy through Modulation of Maternal Micronutrients and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adrenomedullin: Exciting New Horizons
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase Pathways: A Complex Interplay in Cellular Signaling
Current Medicinal Chemistry