Abstract
Neonatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure elicits a wide range of abnormalities in the female mouse genital tract. This animal model system is suitable for investigating the mechanism of DES syndrome in humans. Accumulated evidence has shown that critical periods in development are present for distinct and permanent alterations in the female genital tract of mice exposed to DES neonatally (DES-mice). These effects of DES and other estrogens are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) through multiple pathways. Induction of ERα by DES exposure in neonatal stromal and epithelial cells, and successive premature activation of estrogen-regulated genes are thought to be essential to induce the abnormalities. Induction of malformation, permanent changes in estrogen-regulated genes, such as protooncogenes and growth factors, and carcinogenesis are assumed to be interdependent. This review focuses the following topics to discuss the molecular basis of DES-induced abnormalities mainly based on the results by histochemical techniques in the uterus: spatiotemporal expression of ERa and coactivators, proteins relating morphogenesis, and estrogen-regulated protooncogenes and growth factors.
Keywords: Growth factors, Protooncogenes, Hox, Wnt, Angiogenesis, Estrogen receptors, Female reproductive tract, Diethylstilbestrol
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Expression of Estrogen-Regulated Genes During Development in the Mouse Uterus Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol Neonatally
Volume: 12 Issue: 12
Author(s): Shuji Yamashita
Affiliation:
Keywords: Growth factors, Protooncogenes, Hox, Wnt, Angiogenesis, Estrogen receptors, Female reproductive tract, Diethylstilbestrol
Abstract: Neonatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure elicits a wide range of abnormalities in the female mouse genital tract. This animal model system is suitable for investigating the mechanism of DES syndrome in humans. Accumulated evidence has shown that critical periods in development are present for distinct and permanent alterations in the female genital tract of mice exposed to DES neonatally (DES-mice). These effects of DES and other estrogens are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) through multiple pathways. Induction of ERα by DES exposure in neonatal stromal and epithelial cells, and successive premature activation of estrogen-regulated genes are thought to be essential to induce the abnormalities. Induction of malformation, permanent changes in estrogen-regulated genes, such as protooncogenes and growth factors, and carcinogenesis are assumed to be interdependent. This review focuses the following topics to discuss the molecular basis of DES-induced abnormalities mainly based on the results by histochemical techniques in the uterus: spatiotemporal expression of ERa and coactivators, proteins relating morphogenesis, and estrogen-regulated protooncogenes and growth factors.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Yamashita Shuji, Expression of Estrogen-Regulated Genes During Development in the Mouse Uterus Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol Neonatally, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206776389840
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206776389840 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Does that Represent a ‘New Frontier’?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacogenetics of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Current Pharmacogenomics An Overview of HDAC Inhibitors and their Synthetic Routes
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry MiRNAs in Human Cancers: The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Large-Scale Prediction of Drug Targets Based on Local and Global Consistency of Chemical-Chemical Networks
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Emerging RNA-based Drugs: siRNAs, microRNAs and Derivates
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Topomer CoMFA 3D-QSAR and Docking Studies of Pyrimidine Inhibitors of Pneumocystis Carinii Dihydrofolate Reductase
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Passive Targeting of Cyclophosphamide-Loaded Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles to Liver Impedes Breast Tumor Growth in a Syngeneic Model
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bee Venom: Its Potential Use in Alternative Medicine
Anti-Infective Agents Recent Nanocarrier Approaches for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Current Molecular Pharmacology Meet Our Associate Editor
MicroRNA The Interplay between G-quadruplex and Transcription
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Use of TNF Family Ligands and Receptors and Agents which Modify their Interaction as Therapeutic Agents
Current Drug Targets Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo
Current Drug Metabolism Valproic Acid As Anti-Cancer Drug
Current Pharmaceutical Design Possible Involvement of Angiogenesis in Chronic Liver Diseases: Interaction Among Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress
Current Medicinal Chemistry ras Genes and Human Cancer: Different Implications and Different Roles
Current Genomics B7-H3 Immune Checkpoint Protein in Human Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry The potential for circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction: a novel approach to disease diagnosis and treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pediatric Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
Current Pediatric Reviews