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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

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Research Article

Evaluation of Specific Antibody Responses in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency and Ataxia Telangiectasia

Author(s): Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Tannaz Moeini Shad, Samaneh Delavari, Paniz Shirmast, Yasser Bagheri, Gholamreza Azizi, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Hassan Abolhassani, Reza Yazdani and Nima Rezaei*

Volume 22, Issue 6, 2022

Published on: 11 April, 2022

Page: [640 - 649] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220208111837

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Specific Antibody Deficiency (SAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) characterized by the occurrence of recurrent infections and inadequate antibody response to polysaccharide new antigens.

Objective: This study aims to determine the titer of specific antibodies against unconjugated 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23), the presence of SAD, and its association with clinical and laboratory findings in Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) patients.

Methods: 32 A-T patients and 43 SIgAD patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Samples of the patients were obtained before and three weeks after vaccination with PPSV-23. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed towards pneumococcal capsular antigen and specific antibodies against whole pneumococcal antigens was measured.

Results: Comparison of the response to vaccination revealed that 81.3% of A-T patients and 18.6% of the SIgAD patients had an inadequate response to PPSV-23 (p<0.001). The prevalence of recurrent infection (p=0.034) and pneumonia (p=0.003) in SIgAD patients was significantly higher in non-responders than responders. Likewise, the number of marginal zone B cells (p=0.037), transitional B cells (p=0.019), plasmablasts (p=0.019), CD8+ naïve T cells (p=0.036), and percentage of CD8+ T cells (p=0.047), switched memory B cells (SMB) (p=0.026) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) memory B cells (p=0.022) in SIgAD patients were significantly lower in non-responder group than responder group. In contrast, the percentage of CD4 T+ cells in A-T patients was lower in the non-responder group than responders (p=0.035).

Conclusion: SAD is more frequent in A-T patients than SIgAD patients. The role of SMB and T cells should not be underestimated in SAD.

Keywords: Primary immunodeficiency, inborn errors of immunity, Ataxia telangiectasia, selective IgA deficiency, specific antibody deficiency, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, PPSV-23.

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