Abstract
A massive localized trauma to the spinal cord results in complex pathologic events driven by necrosis and vascular damage which in turn leads to hemorrhage and edema. Severe, destructive and very protracted inflammatory response is characterized by infiltration by phagocytic macrophages of a site of injury which is converted into a cavity of injury (COI) surrounded by astroglial reaction mounted by the spinal cord. The tissue response to the spinal cord injury (SCI) has been poorly understood but the final outcome appears to be a mature syrinx filled with the cerebrospinal fluid with related neural tissue loss and permanent neurologic deficits. This paper reviews known pathologic mechanisms involved in the formation of the COI after SCI and discusses the integrative role of reactive astrogliosis in mechanisms involved in the removal of edema after the injury. A large proportion of edema fluid originating from the trauma and then from vasogenic edema related to persistent severe inflammation, may be moved into the COI in an active process involving astrogliosis and specifically over-expressed aquaporins.
Keywords: Spinal cord injury, inflammation, cavity of injury, astrogliosis, aquaporins, edema, syrinx.
Graphical Abstract
Current Neuropharmacology
Title:The Role of Astrogliosis in Formation of the Syrinx in Spinal Cord Injury
Volume: 19 Issue: 2
Author(s): Jacek M. Kwiecien*, Wojciech Dąbrowski, Jordan R Yaron, Liqiang Zhang, Kathleen H. Delaney and Alexandra R. Lucas
Affiliation:
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada
Keywords: Spinal cord injury, inflammation, cavity of injury, astrogliosis, aquaporins, edema, syrinx.
Abstract: A massive localized trauma to the spinal cord results in complex pathologic events driven by necrosis and vascular damage which in turn leads to hemorrhage and edema. Severe, destructive and very protracted inflammatory response is characterized by infiltration by phagocytic macrophages of a site of injury which is converted into a cavity of injury (COI) surrounded by astroglial reaction mounted by the spinal cord. The tissue response to the spinal cord injury (SCI) has been poorly understood but the final outcome appears to be a mature syrinx filled with the cerebrospinal fluid with related neural tissue loss and permanent neurologic deficits. This paper reviews known pathologic mechanisms involved in the formation of the COI after SCI and discusses the integrative role of reactive astrogliosis in mechanisms involved in the removal of edema after the injury. A large proportion of edema fluid originating from the trauma and then from vasogenic edema related to persistent severe inflammation, may be moved into the COI in an active process involving astrogliosis and specifically over-expressed aquaporins.
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Cite this article as:
Kwiecien M. Jacek *, Dąbrowski Wojciech , Yaron R Jordan , Zhang Liqiang , Delaney H. Kathleen and Lucas R. Alexandra , The Role of Astrogliosis in Formation of the Syrinx in Spinal Cord Injury, Current Neuropharmacology 2021; 19 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200720225222
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200720225222 |
Print ISSN 1570-159X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6190 |
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