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Current Diabetes Reviews

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ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

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Review Article

Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review

Author(s): Ronald B. Brown*

Volume 16, Issue 7, 2020

Page: [674 - 689] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191104113236

Price: $65

Abstract

This article presents a scoping review and synthesis of research findings investigating the toxic cellular accumulation of dysregulated inorganic phosphate—phosphate toxicity—as a pathophysiological determinant of diabetes and diabetic complications. Phosphorus, an essential micronutrient, is closely linked to the cellular metabolism of glucose for energy production, and serum inorganic phosphate is often transported into cells along with glucose during insulin therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuronal degeneration, and pancreatic cancer are associated with dysregulated levels of phosphate in diabetes. Ectopic calcification involving deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals is prevalent throughout diabetic complications, including vascular calcification, nephropathy, retinopathy, and bone disorders. A low-glycemic, low-phosphate dietary intervention is proposed for further investigations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related diabetic pathologies.

Keywords: Diabetes, phosphate toxicity, pancreatic cancer, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, vascular calcification, mitochondria dysfunction.

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