Evaluation of Antileishmanial Activity Employing Conventional and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Amphotericin B on Leishmania major In Vitro and In Vivo

Title:Evaluation of Antileishmanial Activity Employing Conventional and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Amphotericin B on Leishmania major In Vitro and In Vivo

Volume: 20 Issue: 6

Author(s): Shahrzad Soltani , Hoda Mojiri-Forushani, Sheyda Soltani , Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz and Masoud Foroutan *

Affiliation:

• Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan,Iran

Keywords: Leishmania major, Amphotericin B, solid lipid nanoparticle, MTT, BALB/c, SLN.

Abstract:

Background: Obligate intracellular parasites of Leishmania genus belong to the family Trypanosomatidae and more than twenty species cause this neglected vector-borne infection throughout the globe.

Objective: The current study was aimed to assess the antileishmanial activity of Amphotericin B (AmB) and AmB formulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and Methods: In the present research, microemulsification and high shear homogenization methods were used to prepare SLNs. Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes were cultured in RPMI 1640 and incubated for three time points of 24, 48 and 72 h at 25±1°C. Then, the MTT colorimetric assay was employed for obtaining 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Finally, the efficacy of AmB and AmB-SLN was evaluated for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in BALB/c mice.

Results: The average diameter sizes of prepared AmB-SLN were <180 nm and monodisperse preparations with polydispersity index 0.21±0.29. The antileishmanial activity of AmB and AmBSLN revealed a dose and time-dependent manner in vitro. The IC50 values of AmB (38.18±1.33, 25.06±2.00, and 13.87±0.61 μg/ml) and AmB-SLN (0.40±0.02, 0.26±0.02, and 0.14±0.01 μg/ml) were estimated after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. In all BALB/c treatment groups, the diameter of lesions was significantly smaller than the control group.

Conclusion: AmB-SLN was significantly more potent than AmB in vitro and in vivo. The discovery of new effective drugs based on nanocarriers, such as SLN, is practical and opens a new window for the treatment of CL.

Cite this article as:

Soltani Shahrzad , Mojiri-Forushani Hoda , Soltani Sheyda , Kahvaz Sagha Mehdi and Foroutan Masoud *, Evaluation of Antileishmanial Activity Employing Conventional and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Amphotericin B on Leishmania major In Vitro and In Vivo, Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 2020; 20 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666191015170627