Abstract
Background: Autoimmune diseases are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Over the last decades, the comprehension of atherosclerosis, the principal initiator of CVD, evolved from a lipidcentered disease to a predominant inflammatory and immune response-driven disease displaying features of autoimmunity against a broad range of auto-antigens, including lipoproteins. Among them, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are important actors of cholesterol transport and bear several anti-atherogenic properties, raising a growing interest as therapeutic targets to decrease atherosclerosis and CVD burden, with nevertheless rather disappointing results so far. Reflecting HDL composition complexity, autoimmune responses and autoantibodies against various HDL components have been reported.
Results: In this review, we addressed the important complexity of humoral autoimmunity towards HDL and particularly how this autoimmune response could help improving our understanding of HDL biological implication in atherosclerosis and CVD. We also discussed several issues related to specific HDL autoantibody subclasses characteristics, including etiology, prognosis and pathological mechanisms according to Rose criteria.
Conclusion: Finally, we addressed the possible clinical value of using these antibodies not only as potential biomarkers of atherogenesis and CVD, but also as a factor potentially mitigating the benefit of HDL-raising therapies.
Keywords: HDL, atherosclerosis, autoantibodies, cardiovascular diseases, biomarker, auto-antigens.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-3-4-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2017.08.003] [PMID: 29221595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2010.02.002] [PMID: 20510241]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2012.14] [PMID: 22331061]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340308784245775] [PMID: 19936286]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2001] [PMID: 21321594]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-15-0167] [PMID: 25766275]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306427] [PMID: 26892965]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.009] [PMID: 19942084]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1707914] [PMID: 28845751]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy310] [PMID: 30165610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302699] [PMID: 24902971]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301145] [PMID: 24855199]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00911] [PMID: 29755478]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666141125122416] [PMID: 25429713]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.84] [PMID: 27188830]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08830185.2014.917411] [PMID: 24892819]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2014.91] [PMID: 25027488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683110] [PMID: 17325253]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.578] [PMID: 26088310]
[PMID: 30299240]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-009-9333-5] [PMID: 19795194]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12016-010-8233-z] [PMID: 21188647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-11-316158] [PMID: 21330474]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.06.021] [PMID: 25457756]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2016.56] [PMID: 27183204]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13198] [PMID: 27891663]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2013.08.001] [PMID: 24079290]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2017.12.011] [PMID: 29609759]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2017.115] [PMID: 28795686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009744.pub2] [PMID: 28616955]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.07.004] [PMID: 19635584]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016112800812755] [PMID: 22339300]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R035725] [PMID: 23434634]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R036095] [PMID: 23543772]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140303153430] [PMID: 24606515]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.300632] [PMID: 24385508]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_2] [PMID: 25522986]
[PMID: 10657377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mol.0000226116.35555.eb] [PMID: 16680029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M006738200] [PMID: 10918070]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.14.7987] [PMID: 10884428]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M408652200] [PMID: 15319426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403506101] [PMID: 15210959]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.34.20982] [PMID: 9261096]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000057572.97137.DD] [PMID: 12615688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M700274-JLR200] [PMID: 17761631]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI33372] [PMID: 17992262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.156935] [PMID: 18006857]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.03.001] [PMID: 18460328]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1001689] [PMID: 21226578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.028] [PMID: 26246268]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1409065] [PMID: 25404125]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00126-6] [PMID: 26025389]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301373] [PMID: 23520163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.019] [PMID: 26232163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.170] [PMID: 21876547]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200493] [PMID: 22267330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202914] [PMID: 23562986]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcme.2016.08.002] [PMID: 28243578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800088-JLR200] [PMID: 19064999]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518796456] [PMID: 30189157]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI26206] [PMID: 17332893]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800097-JLR200] [PMID: 19060251]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M405009200] [PMID: 15576377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.077] [PMID: 23454129]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3VMR0315-080R] [PMID: 26130702]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.002428] [PMID: 29976759]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv352] [PMID: 26248570]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.018] [PMID: 26647373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.007] [PMID: 26037829]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.5.1601] [PMID: 8920850]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12865-016-0180-x] [PMID: 27793087]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.5030] [PMID: 9441745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.2321-2326.2005] [PMID: 15784577]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.001] [PMID: 22406271]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425910370709] [PMID: 20501516]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.02.009] [PMID: 23454085]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300135] [PMID: 23077142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009418] [PMID: 20195532]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2014.09.002] [PMID: 25444650]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2784] [PMID: 24317040]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2009.08.008] [PMID: 19819722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.001] [PMID: 30092227]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.028] [PMID: 25528585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.013] [PMID: 27866837]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmw128] [PMID: 28069582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15190] [PMID: 27572261]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305777] [PMID: 26359513]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.18.9.1450] [PMID: 9743234]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00389] [PMID: 27332083]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hq0402.105901] [PMID: 11950706]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000146094.59640.13] [PMID: 15486323]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.15.11.1987] [PMID: 7583580]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.107.129411] [PMID: 18042829]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.001] [PMID: 21571275]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(93)90183-U] [PMID: 8141836]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(91)80962-3] [PMID: 1650712]
[PMID: 10974056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(90)90314-N] [PMID: 2344447]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(79)90166-7] [PMID: 223585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.19.2.330] [PMID: 9974415]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.11.1265] [PMID: 18349088]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hq0901.094247] [PMID: 11557671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.21.4.473] [PMID: 11304460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15642-0] [PMID: 15001326]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-017-3567-z] [PMID: 28185016]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2017.05.009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304938] [PMID: 25550205]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI5006] [PMID: 9916134]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.103] [PMID: 22390933]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00055.2011] [PMID: 21734188]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvp070] [PMID: 19233866]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603734103] [PMID: 17050692]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.145672] [PMID: 17569880]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.607135] [PMID: 16982942]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/jkst.19754] [PMID: 24058758]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M104353200] [PMID: 11427538]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871529X11202020098] [PMID: 23030452]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/TH08-10-0675] [PMID: 19350109]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00395-010-0112-5] [PMID: 20652276]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.057] [PMID: 26403344]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-10-70] [PMID: 21554699]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.038] [PMID: 25958848]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000362993] [PMID: 24977490]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00243] [PMID: 26539121]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1346] [PMID: 19755700]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.21976] [PMID: 16868975]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00038.2007] [PMID: 17496220]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.08.009] [PMID: 17868679]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0244-1] [PMID: 16596357]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836346] [PMID: 20026785]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000103624.14436.4B] [PMID: 14638544]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI42946] [PMID: 21701070]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.108753] [PMID: 23349247]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.008] [PMID: 16157342]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.3640] [PMID: 21235354]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/4701] [PMID: 29772557]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI200421109] [PMID: 15314690]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.047605] [PMID: 19726691]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13781] [PMID: 23740387]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3459] [PMID: 24464187]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002624] [PMID: 23969698]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.556506] [PMID: 24558038]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.124] [PMID: 26323267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000294] [PMID: 27031272]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02601-7] [PMID: 28539597]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031276] [PMID: 29162611]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0305] [PMID: 15472192]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1655-5] [PMID: 15729582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.001] [PMID: 16159600]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi992902m] [PMID: 10801321]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.45.26910] [PMID: 7592936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164564] [PMID: 27736980]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61217-4] [PMID: 25131981]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780361111] [PMID: 8240433]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780381118] [PMID: 7488287]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096120398678920262] [PMID: 9696140]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R034025] [PMID: 23230082]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R700014200] [PMID: 17526499]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ken397] [PMID: 19000993]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1422.016] [PMID: 17893980]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.27286] [PMID: 20131231]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203309357765] [PMID: 20064910]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20160374] [PMID: 27520507]
[PMID: 27384400]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2004.08.003] [PMID: 15571929]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645857] [PMID: 29723873]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00114] [PMID: 29740582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2015.07.004] [PMID: 26279255]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009741003742755] [PMID: 20604674]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-015-0539-z] [PMID: 25890187]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/TH17-03-0221] [PMID: 29044294]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.39609] [PMID: 26815637]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.27546] [PMID: 20506304]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq055] [PMID: 20176799]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.21631] [PMID: 22302385]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq521] [PMID: 21224292]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/TH16-03-0229] [PMID: 27356567]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/TH12-10-0714] [PMID: 23364307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00437] [PMID: 28458671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309602] [PMID: 29074586]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02479.x] [PMID: 22061093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eci.12411] [PMID: 25627775]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12817] [PMID: 30028049]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eci.12664] [PMID: 27490973]
[PMID: 25879306]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02530.x] [PMID: 22329401]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12014] [PMID: 23050768]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.014] [PMID: 26965796]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/243158] [PMID: 23258951]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-013-2399-8] [PMID: 24077952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.0284] [PMID: 25858663]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2013.05.004] [PMID: 25755499]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2014.167] [PMID: 25331088]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2017.11.008] [PMID: 29198606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-018-9842-5] [PMID: 29423541]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.000844] [PMID: 24870935]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12505] [PMID: 24193887]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019963423498] [PMID: 12462973]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2010.211292] [PMID: 20940285]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307527110] [PMID: 23690609]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.024] [PMID: 20932595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx163] [PMID: 28419274]
[PMID: 2507198]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132780] [PMID: 26177543]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.589002] [PMID: 25170076]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-006-0037-0] [PMID: 16953439]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00603] [PMID: 28620373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00097] [PMID: 29483905]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(93)90244-F] [PMID: 8216719]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-13-1585] [PMID: 24770335]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1605] [PMID: 26393305]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1835] [PMID: 22253414]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/erm.2014.5] [PMID: 24602341]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.001] [PMID: 25445494]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901982] [PMID: 19843936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1540] [PMID: 15838509]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0706628] [PMID: 17984165]