Abstract
B7-H3 belongs to the B7 family of immune checkpoint proteins, which are important regulators of the adaptive immune response and emerging key players in human cancer. B7-H3 is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of tumor cells, antigen presenting cells, natural killer cells, tumor endothelial cells, but can also be present in intra- and extracellular vesicles. Additionally, B7-H3 may be present as a circulating soluble isoform in serum and other body fluids. B7-H3 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor types, in correlation with poor prognosis. B7-H3 is a promising new immunotherapy target for anti-cancer immune response, as well as a potential biomarker. Besides its immunoregulatory role, B7-H3 has intrinsic pro-tumorigenic activities related to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastatic capacity and anti-cancer drug resistance. B7-H3 has also been found to regulate key metabolic enzymes, promoting the high glycolytic capacity of cancer cells. B7-H3 receptors are still not identified, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying B7-H3 functions. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of B7-H3 in human cancer.
Keywords: B7-H3 Immune, regulators, body fluids, isoform, anti-cancer immune response, pro-tumorigenic activities.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00760.x] [PMID: 19290938]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.21.9543-9553.2005] [PMID: 16227604]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.009] [PMID: 22236695]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7118] [PMID: 26936508]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-18-0367] [PMID: 30115704]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1790024] [PMID: 29311377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.359.6382.1344] [PMID: 29567702]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-6-223] [PMID: 15960813]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806] [PMID: 11861596]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3043] [PMID: 23784006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-012-0616-2] [PMID: 22488247]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090681] [PMID: 19528259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.007] [PMID: 19081138]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805139105] [PMID: 18669648]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157290] [PMID: 27362937]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18003] [PMID: 27251275]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M113.036392] [PMID: 24719451]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2013.07.023] [PMID: 23911959]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M900550-MCP200] [PMID: 20363803]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M114.047233] [PMID: 25850435]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.025] [PMID: 21906983]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/85339] [PMID: 11224528]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2352] [PMID: 14764704]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni967] [PMID: 12925852]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2989] [PMID: 18292521]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2017.03.005] [PMID: 28399408]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024751] [PMID: 21931843]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302070] [PMID: 12939639]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076965] [PMID: 24194851]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02723.x] [PMID: 18194267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.09.006] [PMID: 24139879]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1555-6] [PMID: 27188891]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep27528] [PMID: 27273624]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6294] [PMID: 12055244]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12599] [PMID: 28513992]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27566] [PMID: 22473715]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.03.003] [PMID: 23583036]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29265] [PMID: 25307450]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2011.05.013] [PMID: 21893365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405259101] [PMID: 15317945]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802423105] [PMID: 18650384]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200839028] [PMID: 19544488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405025101] [PMID: 15314238]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2326] [PMID: 18500231]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130126] [PMID: 26065426]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0904020] [PMID: 20696859]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1103715] [PMID: 22661093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9885-3] [PMID: 23054584]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-09-603357] [PMID: 25814530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2015.36.3838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.030] [PMID: 24054363]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40398] [PMID: 28094276]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171146] [PMID: 28141831]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01421.x] [PMID: 22187944]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.10.001] [PMID: 28987965]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0761] [PMID: 28679835]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.25575] [PMID: 30128047]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0417] [PMID: 29712688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-3361] [PMID: 25899053]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2428] [PMID: 27208063]
[PMID: 28695059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.038] [PMID: 24216048]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.003] [PMID: 28104527]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.002] [PMID: 30753824]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8550] [PMID: 27058890]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-009-0038-7] [PMID: 19890606]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.679852] [PMID: 26487718]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190228120908] [PMID: 30836909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2017.90] [PMID: 28685773]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0432] [PMID: 30655315]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2011.12.014] [PMID: 22200489]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1775] [PMID: 30253078]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0715] [PMID: 22615450]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2018.03.010] [PMID: 29860983]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2051-1426-3-S2-O8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-019-03139-6] [PMID: 30879172]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-014-0349-1] [PMID: 25416051]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.286] [PMID: 24892449]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2010.95] [PMID: 20495537]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S147041] [PMID: 29180874]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0536]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.09.012] [PMID: 21982044]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-2355] [PMID: 30808776]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S209205] [PMID: 31440091]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.12915] [PMID: 26914241]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00264] [PMID: 30035102]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.2944] [PMID: 30379377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S169811] [PMID: 30127617]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9035] [PMID: 27145365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-015-0195-z] [PMID: 25908926]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.113] [PMID: 24577056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4517] [PMID: 19584290]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.114] [PMID: 23474948]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.095] [PMID: 23916610]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-5386-2] [PMID: 27644254]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11950] [PMID: 27626488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.055] [PMID: 30553455]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013] [PMID: 21376230]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.001] [PMID: 26778478]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1538] [PMID: 27197253]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6902] [PMID: 26771843]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1549-6] [PMID: 30952834]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.29838] [PMID: 31737114]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.037] [PMID: 26149216]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.29.20281] [PMID: 10400647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00323-0] [PMID: 12121659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-07-0593] [PMID: 17301289]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3753] [PMID: 28092686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2017.11] [PMID: 28228644]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13164] [PMID: 29924389]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.021] [PMID: 27939887]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0407-9] [PMID: 30082909]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42303-w] [PMID: 30967582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2852] [PMID: 29530936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.13.5031] [PMID: 2164219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.185.3.393] [PMID: 9053440]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(94)80021-9] [PMID: 7534620]
[PMID: 21171393]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.7.1027] [PMID: 11015443]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/85330] [PMID: 11224527]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2008.05.014] [PMID: 18585785]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-17-0316] [PMID: 29871885]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V96.8.2808] [PMID: 11023515]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.014] [PMID: 21530327]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2013.13.5.184] [PMID: 24198743]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.522] [PMID: 26376842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1607845414Y.0000000186] [PMID: 25130683]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41375-018-0331-6] [PMID: 30573782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S85272] [PMID: 26203263]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2962] [PMID: 25872657]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S63424] [PMID: 25378933]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.18217] [PMID: 28529630]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3564-2] [PMID: 24562936]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7142] [PMID: 29344150]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1158] [PMID: 23128494]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djy076] [PMID: 29788230]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4551] [PMID: 30226585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428318815032] [PMID: 30486739]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0072] [PMID: 21518725]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5730] [PMID: 28627681]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0000000000000116] [PMID: 25675190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.24959] [PMID: 30087701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4607] [PMID: 26848032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17847] [PMID: 29069741]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.014] [PMID: 30099052]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.014] [PMID: 24630518]
[PMID: 23981607]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-010-0841-1] [PMID: 20333377]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3538] [PMID: 30131660]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.326.11511] [PMID: 28083066]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6935] [PMID: 29113264]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i6.1804] [PMID: 25684945]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10023] [PMID: 27329595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4050] [PMID: 26151358]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-602] [PMID: 25139714]
[PMID: 26885263]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S111691] [PMID: 27785073]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4132-5] [PMID: 26411671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12628] [PMID: 27764786]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3405] [PMID: 25120098]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i3.457] [PMID: 16489649]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01877.x] [PMID: 21251161]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014663] [PMID: 30813210]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2268] [PMID: 25120686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.13744] [PMID: 30027617]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2018.1461304] [PMID: 30377558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2018.1512943] [PMID: 30546952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13143] [PMID: 28401653]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-018-2138-8] [PMID: 29484464]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518758604] [PMID: 29486141]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3587] [PMID: 25370943]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07357907.2014.909826] [PMID: 24787022]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1278-5] [PMID: 22729558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3386-1] [PMID: 28243980]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vim.2018.0102] [PMID: 30481143]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.30134] [PMID: 30070719]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apm.12837] [PMID: 29696716]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0499] [PMID: 30902819]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-3107] [PMID: 28539467]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.3097] [PMID: 25609202]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.05.012] [PMID: 16782226]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e31821c421d] [PMID: 21597388]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40425-019-0540-1] [PMID: 30850021]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2018.03.002] [PMID: 29526824]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10120478] [PMID: 30513627]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.009] [PMID: 27071700]
[PMID: 26823710]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/2162402X.2014.977164] [PMID: 25949876]
[PMID: 20844808]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.11.013] [PMID: 28024695]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2012.05.006] [PMID: 22868219]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.09.006] [PMID: 22999863]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gcc.22189] [PMID: 24898736]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2015.1064578] [PMID: 26942080]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075054] [PMID: 24069378]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3274] [PMID: 26622626]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516991112] [PMID: 26438868]
[PMID: 28386362]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.08.012] [PMID: 18929994]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070689] [PMID: 23940627]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2018.1475873] [PMID: 30524885]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-018-0614-z] [PMID: 30123093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.November.13.9] [PMID: 26600483]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1642] [PMID: 24389327]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mab.2013.0052] [PMID: 24328742]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4128] [PMID: 26998087]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S66809] [PMID: 25170273]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.1118] [PMID: 23426281]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1212] [PMID: 23242015]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-13-81] [PMID: 23947693]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-9-463] [PMID: 20035626]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.011] [PMID: 30664982]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20421] [PMID: 29088829]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7070172] [PMID: 29996538]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605375] [PMID: 19844235]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2016.49] [PMID: 27801901]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.04.103] [PMID: 21784485]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1068] [PMID: 17686830]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709802104] [PMID: 18042703]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2262] [PMID: 19276267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03017.x] [PMID: 22487487]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.01.061] [PMID: 20598810]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10637-016-0385-0] [PMID: 27557783]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-15-0100] [PMID: 26122284]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6538] [PMID: 18829542]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S53565] [PMID: 24265557]
[PMID: 31011436]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/396064] [PMID: 25089268]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2268] [PMID: 21378130]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26238] [PMID: 21671471]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10637-018-00719-7] [PMID: 30706335]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2828] [PMID: 25663925]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2013.08.023] [PMID: 24140000]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0731] [PMID: 18676751]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.17759] [PMID: 28382144]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8173] [PMID: 29725402]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453175] [PMID: 27960166]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.902068] [PMID: 28866709]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4740-0] [PMID: 26787540]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.001] [PMID: 28676400]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0499] [PMID: 30902819]