Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe Translate in Chinese
Review Article

Natural Products and their (Semi-)Synthetic Forms in the Treatment of Migraine: History and Current Status

Author(s): Jan Tauchen*

Volume 27, Issue 23, 2020

Page: [3784 - 3808] Pages: 25

DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190125155947

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Migraine may be described as a headache with moderate to extreme pain that is often accompanied by incapacitating neurological symptoms. It is estimated that 12% of the world population suffers from migraine. Although a number of drugs have been used for treatment of migraine, most of these are not effective for every patient and may have undesirable side-effects. Thus, there is an enormous unmet need in current migraine therapy for discovering safer and more effective agents.

Methods: The information summarized in this review was obtained through extensive literature review and search of relevant books and articles with the use of Web of Knowledge and SciVerse Scopus databases.

Results: Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the etiopathogenesis of migraine is helpful in identifying novel targets for antimigraine drugs such as cannabinoid, histamine, and melatonin receptors. In the past, natural product-derived constituents have served as an invaluable source of numerous medicinally useful antimigraine agents and it may be expected that further promising drug candidates from natural products will be discovered for antimigraine pharmacotherapy with better efficacy and fewer adverse-effects.

Conclusion: The discovery of novel targets in migraine therapy has opened new horizons for compounds that have not been clinically tested or that previously failed in clinical trials as potential antimigraine drugs. Ginkgolide B, melatonin, histamine, oxytocin, various ribosomal peptide toxins, kavalactones, devil’s claw-derived compounds, salvinorin A and petasin are among those agents that show considerable promise as novel drugs in migraine prevention and treatment. It is necessary to conduct more research to better understand their antimigraine action, to confirm their effectiveness and safety, and to introduce them into clinical practice.

Keywords: Headache, migraine disorders natural compounds, nociception, novel targets, pain, therapy.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Wollf, H.G. Headache and Other Head Pains, 2nd ed; , 1963.
[2]
Arnold, M. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS): The International Classification of Headache Disorders.Cephalalgia, 3rd ed. 2018, 38(1), 1-211.
[3]
Ferrari, M.D. The economic burden of migraine to society. Pharmacoeconomics, 1998, 13(6), 667-676.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199813060-00003] [PMID: 10179702]
[4]
Migraine Research Foundation. Retrieved from Migraine facts, 2017.Available at:. http://migraineresearchfoundation.org/aboutmigraine/ migraine-facts/.
[5]
Karikari, T.K.; Charway-Felli, A.; Höglund, K.; Blennow, K.; Zetterberg, H. Commentary: Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Front. Neurol., 2018, 9, 201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00201] [PMID: 29651272]
[6]
Goadsby, P.J. The vascular theory of migraine--a great story wrecked by the facts. Brain, 2009, 132(Pt 1), 6-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn321] [PMID: 19098031]
[7]
Sicuteri, F.; Testi, A.; Anselmi, B. Biochemical investigations in headache: increase in the hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion during migraine attacks. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1961, 19(1), 55-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000229194]
[8]
Hanington, E.; Jones, R.J.; Amess, J.A.L.; Wachowicz, B. Migraine: a platelet disorder. Lancet, 1981, 2(8249), 720-723.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)91049-7] [PMID: 6116859]
[9]
Lauritzen, M. Spreading depression and migraine. Pathol. Biol., 1992, 40(4), 332-337.
[PMID: 1495817]
[10]
Moskowitz, M.A.; Macfarlane, R. Neurovascular and molecular mechanisms in migraine headaches. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev., 1993, 5(3), 159-177.
[PMID: 8217498]
[11]
Thomsen, L.L. Investigations into the role of nitric oxide and the large intracranial arteries in migraine headache. Cephalalgia, 1997, 17(8), 873-895.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1708873.x] [PMID: 9453277]
[12]
Levy, D.; Strassman, A.M.; Burstein, R. A critical view on the role of migraine triggers in the genesis of migraine pain. Headache, 2009, 49(6), 953-957.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01444.x] [PMID: 19545256]
[13]
Bölcskei, H.; Farkas, B.; Kocsis, P.; Tarnawa, I. Recent advancements in anti-migraine drug research: focus on attempts to decrease neuronal hyperexcitability. Recent Patents CNS Drug Discov., 2009, 4(1), 14-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488909787002537] [PMID: 19149711]
[14]
Tekes, K.; Szegi, P.; Hashemi, F.; Laufer, R.; Kalász, H.; Siddiq, A.; Ertsey, C. Medicinal chemistry of antimigraine drugs. Curr. Med. Chem., 2013, 20(26), 3300-3316.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320260012] [PMID: 23746273]
[15]
Silberstein, S.D. Current management: migraine headache. CNS Spectr., 2017, 22(S1), 1-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1092852917000864] [PMID: 29350125]
[16]
Lance, J.W.; Goadsby, P.J. Mechanism and Management of Headache, 7th ed; , 2004.
[17]
Dewick, P.M. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach, 3rd ed; , 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470742761]
[18]
Tfelt-Hansen, P.C.; Koehler, P.J. History of the use of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine in migraine from 1906 and onward. Cephalalgia, 2008, 28(8), 877-886.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01578.x] [PMID: 18460007]
[19]
Barceloux, D.G. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods; Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals, 2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470330319]
[20]
Silberstein, S.D.; McCrory, D.C. Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: history, pharmacology, and efficacy. Headache, 2003, 43(2), 144-166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.2003.03034.x] [PMID: 12558771]
[21]
Koehler, P.J.; Tfelt-Hansen, P.C. History of methysergide in migraine. Cephalalgia, 2008, 28(11), 1126-1135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01648.x] [PMID: 18644039]
[22]
Hockaday, J.M.; Peet, K.M.S.; Hockaday, T.D.R. Bromocriptine in migraine. Headache, 1976, 16(3), 109-114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1976.hed1603109.x] [PMID: 987029]
[23]
Sewell, R.A.; Halpern, J.H.; Pope, H.G., Jr Response of cluster headache to psilocybin and LSD. Neurology, 2006, 66(12), 1920-1922.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000219761.05466.43] [PMID: 16801660]
[24]
Nichols, D.E.; Nichols, C.D. Serotonin receptors. Chem. Rev., 2008, 108(5), 1614-1641.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr078224o] [PMID: 18476671]
[25]
Casolla, B.; Lionetto, L.; Candela, S.; D’Alonzo, L.; Negro, A.; Simmaco, M.; Martelletti, P. Treatment of perimenstrual migraine with triptans: an update. Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2012, 16(5), 445-451.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-0280-0] [PMID: 22644903]
[26]
Kristoffersen, E.S.; Lundqvist, C. Medication-overuse headache: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Ther. Adv. Drug Saf., 2014, 5(2), 87-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098614522683] [PMID: 25083264]
[27]
Shields, K.G.; Goadsby, P.J. Propranolol modulates trigeminovascular responses in thalamic ventroposteromedial nucleus: a role in migraine? Brain, 2005, 128(Pt 1), 86-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh298] [PMID: 15574468]
[28]
Silberstein, S.D. Preventive migraine treatment., Continuum (Minneap. Minn.),. 2015, 21(4 Headache), 973-989.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000199] [PMID: 26252585]
[29]
Marmura, M.J. Use of dopamine antagonists in treatment of migraine. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol., 2012, 14(1), 27-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-011-0150-9] [PMID: 22012659]
[30]
Willems, E.W.; Valdivia, L.F.; Villalón, C.M.; Saxena, P.R. Possible role of alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes in acute migraine therapy. Cephalalgia, 2003, 23(4), 245-257.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00547.x] [PMID: 12716341]
[31]
Woldeamanuel, Y.W.; Rapoport, A.M.; Cowan, R.P. The place of corticosteroids in migraine attack management: A 65-year systematic review with pooled analysis and critical appraisal. Cephalalgia, 2015, 35(11), 996-1024.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102414566200] [PMID: 25576463]
[32]
Gelfand, A.A.; Goadsby, P.J. A neurologist’s guide to acute migraine therapy in the emergency room. Neurohospitalist, 2012, 2(2), 51-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874412439583] [PMID: 23936605]
[33]
Woldeamanuel, Y.W.; Rapoport, A.M.; Cowan, R.P. What is the evidence for the use of corticosteroids in migraine? Curr. Pain Headache Rep., 2014, 18(12), 464.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11916-014-0464-x] [PMID: 25373608]
[34]
Friedman, B.W.; Greenwald, P.; Bania, T.C.; Esses, D.; Hochberg, M.; Solorzano, C.; Corbo, J.; Chu, J.; Chew, E.; Cheung, P.; Fearon, S.; Paternoster, J.; Baccellieri, A.; Clark, S.; Bijur, P.E.; Lipton, R.B.; Gallagher, E.J. Randomized trial of IV dexamethasone for acute migraine in the emergency department. Neurology, 2007, 69(22), 2038-2044.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000281105.78936.1d] [PMID: 17942818]
[35]
Silberstein, S.D.; Stirpe, J.C. COX inhibitors for the treatment of migraine. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2014, 15(13), 1863-1874.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2014.937704] [PMID: 25010639]
[36]
Diener, H.C. The ASASUMAMIG Study Group. Efficacy and safety of intravenous acetylsalicylic acid lysinate compared to subcutaneous sumatriptan and parenteral placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter, parallel group study. Cephalalgia, 1999, 19(6), 581-588.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019006581.x] [PMID: 10448545]
[37]
Limmroth, V.; Katsarava, Z.; Diener, H-C. Acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of headache. Cephalalgia, 1999, 19(6), 545-551.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019006545.x] [PMID: 10448540]
[38]
Mauskop, A.; Silberstein, S.D.; Freitag, F.; Dodick, D.W.; Argoff, C. Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology, 2013, 80(9), 868-869.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318287d94b] [PMID: 23439703]
[39]
Tepper, S.J. Opioids should not be used in migraine. Headache, 2012, 52(Suppl. 1), 30-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02140.x] [PMID: 22540203]
[40]
Colman, I.; Rothney, A.; Wright, S.C.; Zilkalns, B.; Rowe, B.H. Use of narcotic analgesics in the emergency department treatment of migraine headache. Neurology, 2004, 62(10), 1695-1700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000127304.91605.BA] [PMID: 15159464]
[41]
Perucca, E. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of valproate: a summary after 35 years of clinical experience. CNS Drugs, 2002, 16(10), 695-714.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200216100-00004] [PMID: 12269862]
[42]
Cutrer, F.M.; Limmroth, V.; Moskowitz, M.A. Possible mechanisms of valproate in migraine prophylaxis. Cephalalgia, 1997, 17(2), 93-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1702093.x] [PMID: 9137844]
[43]
Ornoy, A. Valproic acid in pregnancy: how much are we endangering the embryo and fetus? Reprod. Toxicol., 2009, 28(1), 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.014] [PMID: 19490988]
[44]
Vatzaki, E.; Straus, S.; Dogne, J.M.; Garcia Burgos, J.; Girard, T.; Martelletti, P. Latest clinical recommendations on valproate use for migraine prophylaxis in women of childbearing age: overview from European Medicines Agency and European Headache Federation. J. Headache Pain, 2018, 19(1), 68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0898-3] [PMID: 30109437]
[45]
Kapalka, G. Nutritional And Herbal Therapies For Children And Adolescents: A Handbook For Mental Health Clinicians, 2010.
[46]
Wider, B.; Pittler, M.H.; Ernst, E. Feverfew for preventing migraine. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2015, 4 CD002286
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002286.pub3] [PMID: 25892430]
[47]
Tassorelli, C.; Greco, R.; Morazzoni, P.; Riva, A.; Sandrini, G.; Nappi, G. Parthenolide is the component of tanacetum parthenium that inhibits nitroglycerin-induced Fos activation: studies in an animal model of migraine. Cephalalgia, 2005, 25(8), 612-621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00915.x] [PMID: 16033387]
[48]
Walsh, E.L.; Ashe, S.; Walsh, J.J. Nature’s migraine treatment: isolation and structure elucidation of parthenolide from Tanacetum parthenium. J. Chem. Educ., 2012, 89, 134-137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed200064h]
[49]
Materazzi, S.; Benemei, S.; Fusi, C.; Gualdani, R.; De Siena, G.; Vastani, N.; Andersson, D.A.; Trevisan, G.; Moncelli, M.R.; Wei, X.; Dussor, G.; Pollastro, F.; Patacchini, R.; Appendino, G.; Geppetti, P.; Nassini, R. Parthenolide inhibits nociception and neurogenic vasodilatation in the trigeminovascular system by targeting the TRPA1 channel. Pain, 2013, 154(12), 2750-2758.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.08.002] [PMID: 23933184]
[50]
Ashton, J.C.; Wright, J.L.; McPartland, J.M.; Tyndall, J.D.A. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor ligand specificity and the development of CB2-selective agonists. Curr. Med. Chem., 2008, 15(14), 1428-1443.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708784567716] [PMID: 18537620]
[51]
Rhyne, D.N.; Anderson, S.L.; Gedde, M.; Borgelt, L.M. Effects of medical marijuana on migraine headache frequency in an adult population. Pharmacotherapy, 2016, 36(5), 505-510.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1673] [PMID: 26749285]
[52]
Lochte, B.C.; Beletsky, A.; Samuel, N.K.; Grant, I. The use of cannabis for headache disorders. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res., 2017, 2(1), 61-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/can.2016.0033] [PMID: 28861505]
[53]
Russo, E.B. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 2008, 29(2), 192-200.
[PMID: 18404144]
[54]
Baron, E.P. Comprehensive review of medicinal marijuana, cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in medicine and headache: what a long strange trip it’s been. Headache, 2015, 55(6), 885-916.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12570] [PMID: 26015168]
[55]
Yarnell, E. Herbal Medicine and Migraine. Altern. Complement. Ther., 2017, 23, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/act.2017.29131.eya]
[56]
Baron, E.P. Medicinal properties of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in cannabis, and benefits in migraine, headache, and pain: an update on current evidence and cannabis science. Headache, 2018, 58(7), 1139-1186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13345] [PMID: 30152161]
[57]
Durham, P.L.; Cady, R.; Cady, R.; Blumenfeld, A.J. Regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion from trigeminal nerve cells by botulinum toxin type A: implications for migraine therapy. Headache, 2004, 44(1), 35-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04007.x] [PMID: 14979881]
[58]
Escher, C.M.; Paracka, L.; Dressler, D.; Kollewe, K. Botulinum toxin in the management of chronic migraine: clinical evidence and experience. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disorder., 2017, 10(2), 127-135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756285616677005] [PMID: 28382110]
[59]
Frampton, J.E.; Silberstein, S. OnabotulinumtoxinA: a review in the prevention of chronic migraine. Drugs, 2018, 78(5), 589-600.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40265-018-0894-6] [PMID: 29532439]
[60]
Hogg, R.C. Novel approaches to pain relief using venom-derived peptides. Curr. Med. Chem., 2006, 13(26), 3191-3201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778742954] [PMID: 17168706]
[61]
Maizels, M.; Geiger, A.M. Intranasal lidocaine for migraine: a randomized trial and open-label follow-up. Headache, 1999, 39(8), 543-551.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.1999.3908543.x] [PMID: 11279969]
[62]
Williams, D.R.; Stark, R.J. Intravenous lignocaine (lidocaine) infusion for the treatment of chronic daily headache with substantial medication overuse. Cephalalgia, 2003, 23(10), 963-971.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00623.x] [PMID: 14984229]
[63]
Berk, T.; Silberstein, S.D. The use and method of action of intravenous lidocaine and its metabolite in headache disorders. Headache, 2018, 58(5), 783-789.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13298] [PMID: 29536530]
[64]
Goadsby, P.J. Emerging therapies for migraine. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol., 2007, 3(11), 610-619.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneuro0639] [PMID: 17982431]
[65]
Sicuteri, F.; Fusco, B.M.; Marabini, S.; Campagnolo, V.; Maggi, C.A.; Geppetti, P.; Fanciullacci, M. Beneficial effect of capsaicin application to the nasal mucosa in cluster headache. Clin. J. Pain, 1989, 5(1), 49-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-198903000-00010] [PMID: 2520386]
[66]
Fusco, B.M.; Barzoi, G.; Agrò, F. Repeated intranasal capsaicin applications to treat chronic migraine. Br. J. Anaesth., 2003, 90(6), 812.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg572] [PMID: 12765904]
[67]
Diamond, S.; Freitag, F.; Phillips, S.B.; Bernstein, J.E.; Saper, J.R. Intranasal civamide for the acute treatment of migraine headache. Cephalalgia, 2000, 20(6), 597-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00088.x] [PMID: 11075845]
[68]
Nakanishi, K. Terpene trilactones from Gingko biloba: from ancient times to the 21st century. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2005, 13(17), 4987-5000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.014] [PMID: 15990319]
[69]
D’Andrea, G.; Bussone, G.; Allais, G.; Aguggia, M.; D’Onofrio, F.; Maggio, M.; Moschiano, F.; Saracco, M.G.; Terzi, M.G.; Petretta, V.; Benedetto, C. Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura. Neurol. Sci., 2009, 30(Suppl. 1), S121-S124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-009-0074-2] [PMID: 19415441]
[70]
Martins, L.B.; Rodrigues, A.M.D.S.; Rodrigues, D.F.; Dos Santos, L.C.; Teixeira, A.L.; Ferreira, A.V.M. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) addition in migraine acute treatment. Cephalalgia, 2019, 39(1), 68-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102418776016] [PMID: 29768938]
[71]
Galeotti, N.; Ghelardini, C. St. John’s wort reversal of meningeal nociception: a natural therapeutic perspective for migraine pain. Phytomedicine, 2013, 20(10), 930-938.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.03.007] [PMID: 23578992]
[72]
Galeotti, N.; Ghelardini, C. St. John’s wort relieves pain in an animal model of migraine. Eur. J. Pain, 2013, 17(3), 369-381.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00196.x] [PMID: 23152076]
[73]
Nicolodi, M.; Sicuteri, F. Exploration of NMDA receptors in migraine: therapeutic and theoretic implications. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res., 1995, 15(5-6), 181-189.
[PMID: 8835616]
[74]
Srinivasan, V.; Lauterbach, E.C.; Ho, K.Y.; Acuña-Castroviejo, D.; Zakaria, R.; Brzezinski, A. Melatonin in antinociception: its therapeutic applications. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2012, 10(2), 167-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015912800604489] [PMID: 23204986]
[75]
Johnson, M.W.; Sewell, R.A.; Griffiths, R.R. Psilocybin dose-dependently causes delayed, transient headaches in healthy volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend., 2012, 123(1-3), 132-140.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.029] [PMID: 22129843]
[76]
Andersson, M.; Persson, M.; Kjellgren, A. Psychoactive substances as a last resort-a qualitative study of self-treatment of migraine and cluster headaches. Harm Reduct. J., 2017, 14(1), 60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0186-6] [PMID: 28870224]
[77]
Lyon, C.; Langner, S. PURLs: Consider melatonin for migraine prevention. J. Fam. Pract., 2017, 66(5), 320-322.
[PMID: 28459893]
[78]
Yuan, H.; Silberstein, S.D. Histamine and Migraine. Headache, 2018, 58(1), 184-193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13164] [PMID: 28862769]
[79]
Tzabazis, A.; Kori, S.; Mechanic, J.; Miller, J.; Pascual, C.; Manering, N.; Carson, D.; Klukinov, M.; Spierings, E.; Jacobs, D.; Cuellar, J.; Frey, W.H., II; Hanson, L.; Angst, M.; Yeomans, D.C. Oxytocin and migraine headache. Headache, 2017, 57(Suppl. 2), 64-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13082] [PMID: 28485846]
[80]
Duke, J.A. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2nd ed; , 2017.
[81]
Friedman, A.P. Treatment of headache with reserpine. Neurology, 1955, 5(11), 805-808.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.5.11.805] [PMID: 13265995]
[82]
Grahame, R. Drug prophylaxis in migraine. A controlled clinical trial. BMJ, 1960, 2(5207), 1203-1207.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5207.1203] [PMID: 13707746]
[83]
Carroll, J.D.; Hilton, B.P. The effects of reserpine injection on methysergide treated control and migrainous subjects. Headache, 1974, 14(3), 149-156.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1974.hed1403149.x] [PMID: 4430604]
[84]
Arthur, J.M.; Casañas, S.J.; Raymond, J.R. Partial agonist properties of rauwolscine and yohimbine for the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1993, 45(11), 2337-2341.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90208-E] [PMID: 8517875]
[85]
Drew, A. Kava. Curr. Ther., 2001, 42(8), 75-76.
[86]
Ligresti, A.; Villano, R.; Allarà, M.; Ujváry, I.; Di Marzo, V. Kavalactones and the endocannabinoid system: the plant-derived yangonin is a novel CB1 receptor ligand. Pharmacol. Res., 2012, 66(2), 163-169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.003] [PMID: 22525682]
[87]
Mncwangi, N.; Chen, W.; Vermaak, I.; Viljoen, A.M.; Gericke, N. Devil’s Claw-a review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2012, 143(3), 755-771.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.013] [PMID: 22940241]
[88]
Uchida, S.; Hirai, K.; Hatanaka, J.; Hanato, J.; Umegaki, K.; Yamada, S. Antinociceptive effects of St. John’s wort, Harpagophytum procumbens extract and Grape seed proanthocyanidins extract in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2008, 31(2), 240-245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.240] [PMID: 18239280]
[89]
Bischoff, K. Toxicity of the Drugs of Abuse. In Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, 2018, 385-408.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811410-0.00022-2]
[90]
Wang, Y.H.; Liang, S.; Xu, D.S.; Lin, X.; He, C.Y.; Feng, Y.; Hong, Y.L. Effect and mechanism of senkyunolide I as an anti-migraine compound from Ligusticum chuanxiong. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2011, 63(2), 261-266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01191.x] [PMID: 21235591]
[91]
Hou, M.; Tang, Q.; Xue, Q.; Zhang, X.; Liu, Y.; Yang, S.; Chen, L.; Xu, X. Pharmacodynamic action and mechanism of Du Liang soft capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine capsule, on treating nitroglycerin-induced migraine. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2017, 195, 231-237.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.025] [PMID: 27866934]
[92]
Zhang, Y.; Dennis, J.A.; Leach, M.J.; Bishop, F.L.; Cramer, H.; Chung, V.C.H.; Moore, C.; Lauche, R.; Cook, R.; Sibbritt, D.; Adams, J. Complementary and alternative medicine use among us adults with headache or migraine: results from the 2012 national health interview survey. Headache, 2017, 57(8), 1228-1242.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13148] [PMID: 28742215]
[93]
Sun-Edelstein, C.; Mauskop, A. Alternative Headache treatments: nutraceuticals, behavioral and physical treatments-a response. Headache, 2011, 51, 1354.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01989.x]
[94]
The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species, 2013.Available at:. http://www.theplantlist.org/.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
42
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy