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Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Review Article

The Battle for Iron between Humans and Microbes

Author(s): Peggy L. Carver*

Volume 25, Issue 1, 2018

Page: [85 - 96] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170720110049

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient for bacteria, fungi, and humans; as such, each has evolved specialized iron uptake systems to acquire iron from the extracellular environment.

Objective: To describe complex ‘tug of war’ for iron that has evolved between human hosts and pathogenic microorganisms in the battle for this vital nutrient.

Methods: A review of current literature was performed, to assess current approaches and controversies in iron therapy and chelation in humans.

Results: In humans, sequestration (hiding) of iron from invading pathogens is often successful; however, many pathogens have evolved mechanisms to circumvent this approach.

Conclusion: Clinically, controversy continues whether iron overload or administration of iron results in an increased risk of infection. The administration of iron chelating agents and siderophore- conjugate drugs to infected hosts seems a biologically plausible approach as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of infections caused by pathogens dependent on host iron supply (e.g. tuberculosis, malaria, and many bacterial and fungal pathogens); however, thus far, studies in humans have proved unsuccessful.

Keywords: Infection, iron, nutritional immunity, siderophore, iron overload, iron chelation.

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