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Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Etiology, Diagnosis and New Treatment Options

Author(s): Ioanna Gouni-Berthold and Heiner K. Berthold

Volume 20, Issue 40, 2014

Page: [6220 - 6229] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140620125213

Price: $65

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Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder that presents with robust increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and can lead to premature cardiovascular disease. There are heterozygous and homozygous forms. The diagnosis is usually made based on blood cholesterol levels, clinical signs and family history. Genetic testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Effective lowering of LDL-C in FH can prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, however, the disease remains greatly underdiagnosed. The mainstay of pharmacologic therapy in FH patients is high-dose statins, which are often combined with other lipidlowering agents. The homozygous form is mainly treated with lipid apheresis. Guideline-recommended target levels of LDL-C are often not reached, making new treatment options desirable. Four classes of newer lipid-lowering drugs offer promising advances in treating FH, namely the apolipoprotein-B synthesis inhibitors (mipomersen), the microsomal transfer protein inhibitors (lomitapide), the cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors (anacetrapib, evacetrapib) and the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (evolocumab, alirocumab). In this review, the available evidence regarding the use of these drugs in patients with FH is discussed, with particular focus on their efficacy and safety.

Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol, PCSK9, alirocumab, evolocumab, mipomersen, lomitapide.


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