Molecular Pathways Associated with Aggressiveness of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Title:Molecular Pathways Associated with Aggressiveness of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Author(s): Salvatore Benvenga and Christian A. Koch

Affiliation:

Keywords: BRAF, P13/Akt, Papillary thyroid cancer, Signaling, Tyrosine kinase, VEGF.

Abstract: The most common thyroid malignancy is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Mortality rates from PTC mainly depend on its aggressiveness. Geno- and phenotyping of aggressive PTC has advanced our understanding of treatment failures and of potential future therapies. Unraveling molecular signaling pathways of PTC including its aggressive forms will hopefully pave the road to reduce mortality but also morbidity from this cancer. The mitogen-activated protein kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway as well as the family of RAS oncogenes and BRAF as a member of the RAF protein family and the aberrant expression of microRNAs miR-221, miR-222, and miR-146b all play major roles in tumor initiation and progression of aggressive PTC. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BRAFmediated events, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, RET/PTC rearrangements, and other molecular targets, show promising results to improve treatment of radioiodine resistant, recurrent, and aggressive PTC.

Cite this article as:

Benvenga Salvatore and Koch A. Christian, Molecular Pathways Associated with Aggressiveness of Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Current Genomics 2014; 15 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202915999140404100958