Yttrium-90 – Current Status, Expected Availability and Applications of a High Beta Energy Emitter

R.      Leyva Montana; I.      Hernandez Gonzalez; A.      Alberti Ramirez; L.      Garaboldi; M.      Chinol

doi:10.2174/1874471011205030253

Abstract

Yttrium-90 (90Y, T1/2 64.14 h) is a key example of a high beta energy-emitting radionuclide which is available from the strontium-90 (90Sr)/90Y radionuclide generator system. Clinical uses of 90Y-labeled radiopharmaceutical agents have been pursued for many years and many applications have proven to be clinical effective. These most notably include the application of 90Y-labeled antibodies for a variety of applications such as for effective treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. One of the major advantages for use of 90Y is ready availability from the very long-lived 90Sr parent (T1/2 28.78 y). Because of the importance of maintaining generator performance and minimizing parent breakthrough, this paper describes development, use and quality control of both high capacity cation adsorption-type and electrochemical generator systems. In addition, the preparation and targeting to tumors in mice of DOTA-conjugated Nimotuzamab (h-R3) antibody which recognizes the external domain of the EPFR antibody radiolabeled with 90Y obtained from the electrochemical generator is also described. As a key example for clinical applications of 90Y, the use of 90Y-labeled biotin for intra-operative pre-targeting for radionuclide therapy (IART®) of breast cancer is also described.

Keywords: 90Sr/90Y generators, 90Sr impurity, antibody radiolabeling, biotin radiolabeling, pre-targeting approach, PRRT, radioimmunoconjugate, DOTA, DTPA, EBRT