Blockchain Technology in Healthcare - Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications

Effectiveness of Machine and Deep Learning for Blockchain Technology in Fraud Detection and Prevention

Author(s): Yogesh Kumar* and Surbhi Gupta

Pp: 214-236 (23)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815165197123010015

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Blockchain was formerly originated to prevent fraud in digital currency exchanges. Blockchain refers to a collective decentralised ledger that is unaffected by tinkering. It provides the confirmed contributor access to the store, views, and shares the digital information in a situation that is rich in safety, which in turn supports the development of trust, liability, and transparent business associations. Identity theft and fraud safety are endless challenges for everyone in buying and selling. With each novelty in security technology, hackers and fraudsters learn how to outsmart the technology and breach these networks. The first section of the chapter describes the structure of the blockchain, its framework, the pros and cons of combining these technologies, and the role and importance of machine and deep learning algorithms in fraud detection and prevention in the blockchain. The next section focuses on the reported work, highlighting different researchers’ work for fraud detection and prevention using Blockchain technology. The chapter’s final section comprises a comparative analysis based on various performance parameters such as accuracy, the area under the curve, confidence, true negative, false positive, and truly positive for a different type of fraud detection using blockchain technology.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774775 and j.to_date >= 1740774775 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20968) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774775 and j.to_date >= 1740774775 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20968) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873336012 and j.to_ip >=873336012 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774775 and j.to_date >= 1740774775 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20968)
      1.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3624 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740774775 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740774775 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      2.98msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3624
      • 3: 1740774775
      • 4: 1740774775
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='02282c1389615e737b514badba029364'
      8.98msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        9f0YNc0TWZMHLzH3cDVd0jWdugNtClcMFCv2hnUz
        uc_cart_id
        02282c1389615e737b514badba029364
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20968" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/20968
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:32:55 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjIwTWlLZVFqY05GZlB3TmgyanBla2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUTVidGFMenNUVDdadlJtYXBrTlBhbDdlR3hONTZUeUtYTnFUZ0VITG5iWFpHYTR1UmNDOVlSNithcUozMjBMSEllWlJGUGRKK1J6TExXNG9ZYzlZZG9jUFdoRjREdFZDTXBNZnJSQWM1WG4wd1d6U215UkJrVjRmcHo5ek52VDAiLCJtYWMiOiI4YzUwYjZlZGFjMmY4Yzg4MTQ1OGRhYTc2N2MzM2U0NzkzZmJkNzkxNjljNzdjYmY3Yzc5NzFlMmQ5YzUyNzBkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:32:55 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjIwTWlLZVFqY05GZlB3TmgyanBla2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUTVidGFMenNUVDdadlJtYXBrTlBhbDdlR3hONTZUeUtYTnFUZ0VITG5iWFpHYTR1UmNDOVlSNithcUozMjBMSEllWlJGU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitsWklTdzViTzFIQXI5eE8yZUlrQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRkk0TjZZRThxbkZJNk0rSHFwRGZteHN1MmV6a21XcFBUZE9pcjh2a2dCc0xIMmtFRkVIVlFrWmdpUEFIRGYrOThwMXEyWjZDaS9MSUtlK1pwckx4Njg1Mit1RjJhVEdRb3pETWExMndqSFRDWDgyRis0Qjhrb0RkVktyOU1pdXgiLCJtYWMiOiI2MTUwOGRkOWJlZmRiNTJkYjQwZWNkYjk4YzUwMTBmZTdiZjBmNzdmMzZlYjM4OTllODMwNWYyMmI5OTYzZGQ2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitsWklTdzViTzFIQXI5eE8yZUlrQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRkk0TjZZRThxbkZJNk0rSHFwRGZteHN1MmV6a21XcFBUZE9pcjh2a2dCc0xIMmtFRkVIVlFrWmd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjIwTWlLZVFqY05GZlB3TmgyanBla2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUTVidGFMenNUVDdadlJtYXBrTlBhbDdlR3hONTZUeUtYTnFUZ0VITG5iWFpHYTR1UmNDOVlSNithcUozMjBMSEllWlJGUGRKK1J6TExXNG9ZYzlZZG9jUFdoRjREdFZDTXBNZnJSQWM1WG4wd1d6U215UkJrVjRmcHo5ek52VDAiLCJtYWMiOiI4YzUwYjZlZGFjMmY4Yzg4MTQ1OGRhYTc2N2MzM2U0NzkzZmJkNzkxNjljNzdjYmY3Yzc5NzFlMmQ5YzUyNzBkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:32:55 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjIwTWlLZVFqY05GZlB3TmgyanBla2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUTVidGFMenNUVDdadlJtYXBrTlBhbDdlR3hONTZUeUtYTnFUZ0VITG5iWFpHYTR1UmNDOVlSNithcUozMjBMSEllWlJGU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitsWklTdzViTzFIQXI5eE8yZUlrQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRkk0TjZZRThxbkZJNk0rSHFwRGZteHN1MmV6a21XcFBUZE9pcjh2a2dCc0xIMmtFRkVIVlFrWmdpUEFIRGYrOThwMXEyWjZDaS9MSUtlK1pwckx4Njg1Mit1RjJhVEdRb3pETWExMndqSFRDWDgyRis0Qjhrb0RkVktyOU1pdXgiLCJtYWMiOiI2MTUwOGRkOWJlZmRiNTJkYjQwZWNkYjk4YzUwMTBmZTdiZjBmNzdmMzZlYjM4OTllODMwNWYyMmI5OTYzZGQ2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitsWklTdzViTzFIQXI5eE8yZUlrQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRkk0TjZZRThxbkZJNk0rSHFwRGZteHN1MmV6a21XcFBUZE9pcjh2a2dCc0xIMmtFRkVIVlFrWmd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "9f0YNc0TWZMHLzH3cDVd0jWdugNtClcMFCv2hnUz" "uc_cart_id" => "02282c1389615e737b514badba029364" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20968" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:32:55GET/chapter/20968112192