Computational Intelligence For Data Analysis

An Intelligent Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction Model Using Whale Optimization with Multiple Linear Regression

Author(s): Hima Bindu Gogineni, E. Laxmi Lydia* and N. Supriya

Pp: 1-15 (15)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681089430121010003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

At present, vehicular traffic flow prediction is treated as a crucial issue in the intelligent transportation system. It mainly focuses on the estimation of vehicular traffic flow on roadways or stations in the subsequent time interval ahead of the future. Generally, traffic flow prediction comprises two major stages, namely feature learning and predictive modeling. In this view, this paper introduces an Intelligent Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction (IVTFP) model to effectively predict the flow of traffic on the road. The proposed IVTFP model involves two main stages, namely feature selection (FS) and classification. At the first level, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is applied as a feature selector called WOA-FS to select the useful subset of features. Next, in the second level, the multiple linear regression (MLR) technique is utilized as a prediction model to forecast the traffic flow. The performance of the IVTFP model takes place on the benchmark Brazil dataset. The simulation outcome indicated the effective outcome of the IVTFP model, and it ensured that the application of the WOA-FS model helps attain improved classification outcomes.


Keywords: Classification, Computational Intelligence, Feature Selection, Predictive Modeling, Traffic Flow Prediction.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873443466 and j.to_ip >=873443466 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847364 and j.to_date >= 1739847364 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16079) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873443466 and j.to_ip >=873443466 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847364 and j.to_date >= 1739847364 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16079) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873443466 and j.to_ip >=873443466 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847364 and j.to_date >= 1739847364 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16079)
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3269 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847364 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847364 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3269
      • 3: 1739847364
      • 4: 1739847364
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='21c2c8bd3f39a5566e9a3312b21f58d4'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        kVnu7qyaQrbcNaU1G6Epho28QQliPCwafSHTOXE6
        uc_cart_id
        21c2c8bd3f39a5566e9a3312b21f58d4
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16079" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16079
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:56:04 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1TUGM3M0ZOdVQ4b2dYcUJraG41TGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFF0cEZoaFZmMy9nN05kMGpVMkhyZkc3cmplamtCc29URmpSeHdWejRKZ3BOYnVrN1Irc1pHaStXbWEyYmFabHllSnYrWENEL2dpT3N3b2NKTERkT0EzdCtCU1kwN2RWWVlzQkdZR1Q0MzJmR3Jsc3c1M252MVJRazJ2cktIc20iLCJtYWMiOiI4ZTNjMDRlZGY3N2FlMDZlYjcyYTBiNDlmZWExYzMxMDVmZTJiZDhiNjBhZTI3MDM2OTVmNWFiYzIyZWUxZmFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:56:04 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1TUGM3M0ZOdVQ4b2dYcUJraG41TGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFF0cEZoaFZmMy9nN05kMGpVMkhyZkc3cmplamtCc29URmpSeHdWejRKZ3BOYnVrN1Irc1pHaStXbWEyYmFabHllSnYrW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZjK21vVk4xSWdRRFVxRStDUVJ0U1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGlHQmRwNDZYOHMzaHpNN0sxc2ozOU1XZnRBNnlsQmltTkcxbVFUMmJFMzFUNVR6WU9aN0poOE4vaGtFUVVyT2dVQ1hGRmN2T2gxdDFlRkVlQWpvenp2Qyt2NEZtQlUyVkdXM1B3WnlpRk45RU1oR3h0WjkwNDcxRHREQzdUd2IiLCJtYWMiOiI5ZjQ0MTAwYjRmMGMxYjc4MmVhZDZmMTk2NDAwOWEzNWIwYzM3YzA1OGQzYmViY2UwYjVjNzhmOWQyY2QzZTZlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZjK21vVk4xSWdRRFVxRStDUVJ0U1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGlHQmRwNDZYOHMzaHpNN0sxc2ozOU1XZnRBNnlsQmltTkcxbVFUMmJFMzFUNVR6WU9aN0poOE4" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1TUGM3M0ZOdVQ4b2dYcUJraG41TGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFF0cEZoaFZmMy9nN05kMGpVMkhyZkc3cmplamtCc29URmpSeHdWejRKZ3BOYnVrN1Irc1pHaStXbWEyYmFabHllSnYrWENEL2dpT3N3b2NKTERkT0EzdCtCU1kwN2RWWVlzQkdZR1Q0MzJmR3Jsc3c1M252MVJRazJ2cktIc20iLCJtYWMiOiI4ZTNjMDRlZGY3N2FlMDZlYjcyYTBiNDlmZWExYzMxMDVmZTJiZDhiNjBhZTI3MDM2OTVmNWFiYzIyZWUxZmFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:56:04 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1TUGM3M0ZOdVQ4b2dYcUJraG41TGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFF0cEZoaFZmMy9nN05kMGpVMkhyZkc3cmplamtCc29URmpSeHdWejRKZ3BOYnVrN1Irc1pHaStXbWEyYmFabHllSnYrW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZjK21vVk4xSWdRRFVxRStDUVJ0U1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGlHQmRwNDZYOHMzaHpNN0sxc2ozOU1XZnRBNnlsQmltTkcxbVFUMmJFMzFUNVR6WU9aN0poOE4vaGtFUVVyT2dVQ1hGRmN2T2gxdDFlRkVlQWpvenp2Qyt2NEZtQlUyVkdXM1B3WnlpRk45RU1oR3h0WjkwNDcxRHREQzdUd2IiLCJtYWMiOiI5ZjQ0MTAwYjRmMGMxYjc4MmVhZDZmMTk2NDAwOWEzNWIwYzM3YzA1OGQzYmViY2UwYjVjNzhmOWQyY2QzZTZlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZjK21vVk4xSWdRRFVxRStDUVJ0U1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGlHQmRwNDZYOHMzaHpNN0sxc2ozOU1XZnRBNnlsQmltTkcxbVFUMmJFMzFUNVR6WU9aN0poOE4" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "kVnu7qyaQrbcNaU1G6Epho28QQliPCwafSHTOXE6" "uc_cart_id" => "21c2c8bd3f39a5566e9a3312b21f58d4" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16079" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:56:04GET/chapter/16079112197