Artificial Intelligence: Models, Algorithms and Applications

The Knowledge-based Firm and AI

Author(s): Ove Rustung Hjelmervik and Terje Solsvik Kristensen * .

Pp: 98-116 (19)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681088266121010009

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Radical innovation is disruptive. It is a change that sweeps away much of a firm’s, or an entire industry’s, existing investment in technological assets, skills, and knowledge. Such innovation has occurred throughout history and wealth has been accumulated in its wake. Companies have flourished because of such ingenuity, yet there is no evidence in the literature that radical innovation is a result of senior management’s decision, rather it takes place through learning. To understand what drives a knowledge-based organization, one must look at the inside of the firm where implemented structures and tools are supporting employees’ empowerment to unleash their creativity. What the firm knows is stored in the employees’ head and in the firm’s procedural structure, and the firm learns in two ways - by its employees and through hiring new employees. Thus, development of radical innovation, such as artificial intelligence (AI), will either be learned by the firm’s employees and/or through hiring experts. Whenever management prevents new methods from being applied, or employees refuse to acknowledge and learn new techniques, productivity suffers, resulting in firm and industry obsolescence. This is exactly what is happening in the case of AI. Almost eighty years after Alan Turing introduced AI theory, we see a world flabbergasted by its potential impact on productivity. Our case study is based on interviews of a dozen or so R&D managers in private and public sectors. Although our observations are not a guarantee to lead to a consistent agreement or interpretation, valid knowledge that can lead to better performance and organizational survival, may nevertheless provide useful learning for relevant readers.


Keywords: Bounded rationality, Creative destruction, Gødel’s incompleteness theorem, Organizational learning, Radical innovation, The knowledge-based firm, The resource-based view of the firm, Turing groundbreaking technology, Turing machine, Turing test.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59780576 and j.to_ip >=59780576 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847117 and j.to_date >= 1739847117 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14960) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59780576 and j.to_ip >=59780576 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847117 and j.to_date >= 1739847117 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14960) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59780576 and j.to_ip >=59780576 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847117 and j.to_date >= 1739847117 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14960)
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3074 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847117 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847117 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3074
      • 3: 1739847117
      • 4: 1739847117
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='496896f32968ee7a3b107c986b9bc2e5'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        K6b7Dd33xtVTr1s5hWmWldBhQptuPopu9xA1bhgl
        uc_cart_id
        496896f32968ee7a3b107c986b9bc2e5
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14960" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14960
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:51:57 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InE2emkraStCOVhBU2wxdHJXTHVsRHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0lwdlI0RjlKc1JuMWQ0b3d1dTg3dzdnMWRYQlVZU1N0dmY3RHp0dWRBQU9vRVFTaDVDRStmaGNsT1E1cUQyT0h3VytKeE1rUUpSS1o5ekVzZVF1K0VMdkRZR0VvSndLRHlsYXJWN2FqQlVkSzgvZTA0M1dnRjJDbkF2RnI2bEgiLCJtYWMiOiJmYzgzZTQyYzNlZmNhMDNhYmJkMzM2ZWMyZWE1ZTdiYjE0M2Y5ZDZhMjExODYxNTQzZjFkNDBmZGM0Y2M3NDQ3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:51:57 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InE2emkraStCOVhBU2wxdHJXTHVsRHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0lwdlI0RjlKc1JuMWQ0b3d1dTg3dzdnMWRYQlVZU1N0dmY3RHp0dWRBQU9vRVFTaDVDRStmaGNsT1E1cUQyT0h3VytKe" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRHWW80RXRqRUs1T2N4TzJlYmhVb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUzRoZ2xpcy90eGl3VG5iWUorS0VWRVNvYmVPSmZUNXpka0Iwa24xank0dDY5dGcrWlRMZ0d2N3hTRE1HOW4venRhOE9ObXpHekdoelQyVnYxcnBsVXlaMEw2NFp0T2VNVE5QVVlua1Z1a2lOT3hGaVFRK1J0NHlaRTl6YkdGa0oiLCJtYWMiOiIwYzA0Y2RkMWNhNWM4ZTJhZDg0NGFiMmE3MmRmMjg4MDhmZTVmOTI1MTVlOWViYWYzOWM5YTIxZGJiY2JiN2VhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRHWW80RXRqRUs1T2N4TzJlYmhVb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUzRoZ2xpcy90eGl3VG5iWUorS0VWRVNvYmVPSmZUNXpka0Iwa24xank0dDY5dGcrWlRMZ0d2N3h" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InE2emkraStCOVhBU2wxdHJXTHVsRHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0lwdlI0RjlKc1JuMWQ0b3d1dTg3dzdnMWRYQlVZU1N0dmY3RHp0dWRBQU9vRVFTaDVDRStmaGNsT1E1cUQyT0h3VytKeE1rUUpSS1o5ekVzZVF1K0VMdkRZR0VvSndLRHlsYXJWN2FqQlVkSzgvZTA0M1dnRjJDbkF2RnI2bEgiLCJtYWMiOiJmYzgzZTQyYzNlZmNhMDNhYmJkMzM2ZWMyZWE1ZTdiYjE0M2Y5ZDZhMjExODYxNTQzZjFkNDBmZGM0Y2M3NDQ3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:51:57 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InE2emkraStCOVhBU2wxdHJXTHVsRHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV0lwdlI0RjlKc1JuMWQ0b3d1dTg3dzdnMWRYQlVZU1N0dmY3RHp0dWRBQU9vRVFTaDVDRStmaGNsT1E1cUQyT0h3VytKe" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRHWW80RXRqRUs1T2N4TzJlYmhVb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUzRoZ2xpcy90eGl3VG5iWUorS0VWRVNvYmVPSmZUNXpka0Iwa24xank0dDY5dGcrWlRMZ0d2N3hTRE1HOW4venRhOE9ObXpHekdoelQyVnYxcnBsVXlaMEw2NFp0T2VNVE5QVVlua1Z1a2lOT3hGaVFRK1J0NHlaRTl6YkdGa0oiLCJtYWMiOiIwYzA0Y2RkMWNhNWM4ZTJhZDg0NGFiMmE3MmRmMjg4MDhmZTVmOTI1MTVlOWViYWYzOWM5YTIxZGJiY2JiN2VhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRHWW80RXRqRUs1T2N4TzJlYmhVb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUzRoZ2xpcy90eGl3VG5iWUorS0VWRVNvYmVPSmZUNXpka0Iwa24xank0dDY5dGcrWlRMZ0d2N3h" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "K6b7Dd33xtVTr1s5hWmWldBhQptuPopu9xA1bhgl" "uc_cart_id" => "496896f32968ee7a3b107c986b9bc2e5" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14960" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:51:57GET/chapter/149601121912