摘要
背景：衰老过程中神经保护性生长因子水平降低，低度炎症和神经认知功能降低与神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）有关。体育锻炼会改变这些不利现象，而久坐不动的生活方式会促进这些现象。 目的：本研究的目的包括调查有氧运动和阻力运动是否对神经保护性生长因子，炎性细胞因子和神经认知表现产生不同影响，并进一步探讨这些分子生物标志物水平的变化是否与神经认知的改变相关。性能。 方法：招募55名患有遗忘型MCI（aMCI）的老年人，并随机分配到有氧运动（AE）组，阻力运动（RE）组或对照组。评估包括在任务转换范例期间的神经认知测量[例如，行为和事件相关电位（ERP）]，以及循环神经保护生长因子（例如，BDNF，IGF-1，VEGF和FGF-2）和炎症。细胞因子（例如，TNF-α，IL-1β，IL-6，IL-8和IL-15）在基线和16周有氧运动或阻力运动干预计划或对照期后的水平。 结果：尽管ERP P2组件参与者执行任务切换范例，但有氧运动和阻力运动可以有效地部分促进神经认知表现[例如，准确率（ARs），异质状态下的反应时间，全球转换成本和ERP P3幅度]并且无法更改P3延迟。就循环分子生物标志物而言，16周的运动干预不改变一些参数（例如，瘦蛋白，VEGF，FGF-2，IL-1β，IL-6和IL-8）。然而，AE组外周血清BDNF水平显着升高，胰岛素，TNF-α和IL-15水平显着降低，而RE组显示IGF-1水平显着升高，IL-15降低。水平。神经认知表现（AR和P3振幅）的变化与神经营养蛋白（BDNF和IGF-1）/炎性细胞因子（TNF-α）水平的变化之间的关系仅接近显着性。 结论：这些研究结果表明，对于患有aMCI的老年人，不仅有氧运动，而且对于增加神经营养蛋白，减少一些炎性细胞因子和促进神经认知表现，抗运动也是有效的。然而，有氧运动和阻力运动模式可能在神经认知促进上采用不同的分子机制。
关键词: 有氧运动，阻力运动，认知，运动诱发反应的分子介质，轻度认知障碍，阿尔茨海默病。
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