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General Review Article

结核病-目前的用药和治疗前景

卷 27, 期 4, 2020

页: [630 - 656] 页: 27

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867325666181120100025

价格: $65

摘要

背景：自远古时代以来，结核病就已经存在于人类文明的历史中，其死亡人数比任何其他传染病都要多。它仍然被认为是世界上十种最常见的流行病学死因之一。作为一种传染性疾病，它是由杆状（芽孢杆菌）分枝杆菌引起的。由于1882年罗伯特·科赫（Robert Koch）分离出结核杆菌开始了多项发现，因此结核病的管理成为可能。通过发现一种用于结核菌鉴定的染色方法，可以诊断结核病（1883）。人们很快意识到，必须有一项大规模的结核病治疗和预防政策，这才导致了国际抗结核和肺病联盟（1902年）的成立。一种抗结核疫苗于1921年开发，从那时起一直用于治疗。几十年来，结核病治疗方案发生了变化，最新的建议被称为“直接观察到的短程治疗”（DOTS，WHO 1993）。 方法：对书目数据库进行搜索，以获取同行评审的研究文献。应用了重点复习问题和纳入标准。使用标准工具评估检索论文的质量。 结果：共纳入112篇论文，包括原始出版物和评论。本文根据抗结核药物的作用机理进行了概述。已经讨论了这类药物的化学结构，代谢和不良作用。还介绍了最新的治疗方案和新药，包括临床试验中的药物。 结论：尽管在2000年至2015年期间发现的结核病死亡率降低了22％，但该疾病仍然是全世界十大主要死因之一。细菌耐药性的提高和昂贵，长期疗法的出现是努力寻找有效药物或抗结核病方案，尤其是治疗耐多药结核病的主要原因。

关键词: 结核感染，药物作用机制，结构，用药指南，结核治疗，疫苗。

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