摘要
如今，酶疗法是许多不同疾病的一种非常有前景的治疗方法。存在一组由纤维化和瘢痕过程引起的并且与胶原的过度积累相关的病症和病症，其需要被分解代谢以使结缔组织内容正常化。人体通常自身合成特殊的细胞外酶，基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）。这些酶可以切割细胞外基质（ECM）和不同类型胶原的组分，从而维持结缔组织成分的平衡。 MMP是多功能酶并且参与多种生物过程。然而，在病理条件下，MMP的功能是不充分的，并且这些酶不能应对疾病。因此，需要医疗干预。酶疗法是治疗这种胶原相关病症的非常有效的方法。它涉及外源性胶原溶解酶的应用，其在受影响的部位分解代谢过量的胶原蛋白并导致成功消除疾病。这种胶原分解酶由许多生物合成：细菌，动物（尤其是海洋生物），植物和真菌。研究最多且商业上可获得的是来自溶组织梭菌和来自螃蟹Paralithodes camtschatica的胰腺的胶原酶，因为它们能够有效地水解人胶原蛋白而不影响其他组织，并且它们具有广泛的pH范围的胶原水解活性。在本综述中，我们不仅总结了有关现有胶原酶药物的数据及其在不同胶原相关疾病和病症中的应用，而且我们还提出了来自不同来源的胶原酶在酶疗法中的潜在应用。
关键词: 胶原蛋白，胶原酶，溶组织梭菌，侧孢链球菌，MMPs，胶原相关疾病，胶原溶解酶。
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