Abstract
Background: Evidence has implicated the translocation of commensal Gram-negative bacteria (Gram-B) due to leaky gut in the pathophysiology of depression and physio-somatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue, pain, irritable bowel syndrome, malaise, etc.). In addition, the leaky gut may contribute to immune- inflammatory activation and oxidative stress. This study investigated whether bacterial translocation is associated with perinatal depression and anxiety scores and with prenatal physio-somatic symptoms and immune-inflammatory biomarkers, including the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway.
Method: Data were collected in pregnant women at the end of term (T1) and 4-6 weeks after delivery (T2) as well as in non-pregnant controls. We examined the associations between serum IgM/IgA responses to Gram-B at the end of term and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale -EPDS) and anxiety (Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory -STAI) symptoms. Results: Levels of C-reactive protein, zinc, haptoglobin, hematocrit and IgA/IgM responses to 9 TRYCATs were also measured. No significant associations of the IgA/IgM responses to Gram-B with prenatal depression and anxiety were observed. Increased IgA/IgM responses to Gram-B predict higher levels of haptoglobin, hematocrit and TRYCATs, in particular quinolinic acid and the quinolinic acid / kynurenic acid ratio. IgA responses to Gram-B were significantly lowered in pregnant women compared to age-matched non-pregnant women, while IgM responses were significantly elevated in participants with alcohol consumption. Physio-somatic symptoms at the end of term were significantly associated with IgM responses to Klebsiella pneumonia. Postnatal anxiety was significantly predicted by IgA responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pregnancy may protect against bacterial translocation, while alcohol use may increase bacterial translocation. The results suggest that end of term mucosa-derived immune responses to Gram-B contribute to immune activation, physio-somatic symptoms at the end of term and postnatal anxiety. Highlights: • Immune responses to Gram - Bacteria associate with physio-somatic symptoms in pregnancy. • IgA responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa predict anxiety symptoms after delivery. • Pregnancy may have a protective effect against bacterial translocation. • Alcohol use increases leaky gut and bacterial translocation.Keywords: Depression, inflammation, leaky gut, oxidative stress, pregnancy, tryptophan catabolites.
Graphical Abstract
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:IgA/IgM Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria are not Associated with Perinatal Depression, but with Physio-somatic Symptoms and Activation of the Tryptophan Catabolite Pathway at the End of Term and Postnatal Anxiety
Volume: 16 Issue: 4
Author(s): Chutima Roomruangwong*, Buranee Kanchanatawan, Sunee Sirivichayakul, George Anderson, Andre F. Carvalho, Sebastien Duleu, Michel Geffard and Michael Maes*
Affiliation:
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,Thailand
Keywords: Depression, inflammation, leaky gut, oxidative stress, pregnancy, tryptophan catabolites.
Abstract: Background: Evidence has implicated the translocation of commensal Gram-negative bacteria (Gram-B) due to leaky gut in the pathophysiology of depression and physio-somatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue, pain, irritable bowel syndrome, malaise, etc.). In addition, the leaky gut may contribute to immune- inflammatory activation and oxidative stress. This study investigated whether bacterial translocation is associated with perinatal depression and anxiety scores and with prenatal physio-somatic symptoms and immune-inflammatory biomarkers, including the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway.
Method: Data were collected in pregnant women at the end of term (T1) and 4-6 weeks after delivery (T2) as well as in non-pregnant controls. We examined the associations between serum IgM/IgA responses to Gram-B at the end of term and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale -EPDS) and anxiety (Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory -STAI) symptoms. Results: Levels of C-reactive protein, zinc, haptoglobin, hematocrit and IgA/IgM responses to 9 TRYCATs were also measured. No significant associations of the IgA/IgM responses to Gram-B with prenatal depression and anxiety were observed. Increased IgA/IgM responses to Gram-B predict higher levels of haptoglobin, hematocrit and TRYCATs, in particular quinolinic acid and the quinolinic acid / kynurenic acid ratio. IgA responses to Gram-B were significantly lowered in pregnant women compared to age-matched non-pregnant women, while IgM responses were significantly elevated in participants with alcohol consumption. Physio-somatic symptoms at the end of term were significantly associated with IgM responses to Klebsiella pneumonia. Postnatal anxiety was significantly predicted by IgA responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pregnancy may protect against bacterial translocation, while alcohol use may increase bacterial translocation. The results suggest that end of term mucosa-derived immune responses to Gram-B contribute to immune activation, physio-somatic symptoms at the end of term and postnatal anxiety. Highlights: • Immune responses to Gram - Bacteria associate with physio-somatic symptoms in pregnancy. • IgA responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa predict anxiety symptoms after delivery. • Pregnancy may have a protective effect against bacterial translocation. • Alcohol use increases leaky gut and bacterial translocation.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Roomruangwong Chutima*, Kanchanatawan Buranee, Sirivichayakul Sunee, Anderson George, Carvalho F. Andre, Duleu Sebastien, Geffard Michel and Maes Michael*, IgA/IgM Responses to Gram-Negative Bacteria are not Associated with Perinatal Depression, but with Physio-somatic Symptoms and Activation of the Tryptophan Catabolite Pathway at the End of Term and Postnatal Anxiety, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2017; 16 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527316666170407145533
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527316666170407145533 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
An Update on Animal Models of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Are we There Yet?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Etiopathogenesis, Classical Immunotherapy and Innovative Nanotherapeutics for Inflammatory Neurological Disorders
Current Nanoscience Viral Anti-Inflammatory Reagents: The Potential for Treatment of Arthritic and Vasculitic Disorders
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Glycolipid Stimulators for NKT Cells Bearing Invariant Vα19-Jα33 TCR α Chains
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Indications for Benzodiazepine Antagonist Flumazenil in GABA Mediated Pathological Conditions of the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effect of Psychological Stress and Social Isolation on Neuroimmunoendocrine Communication
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cyano Acrylate Polymers in Medical Applications
Recent Patents on Materials Science Mechanisms of the Penetration of Blood-Borne Substances into the Brain
Current Neuropharmacology Nanomedicine and its Application in Treatment of Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Thymoquinone Glucuronide Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle for Bimodal Imaging and Treatment of Cancer as a Novel Theranostic Platform
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Flavonoids: The Innocuous Agents Offering Protection against Alzheimer’s Disease Through Modulation of Proinflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Glutamate Receptors in Microglia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Influence of CD80 and CD86 Co-Stimulation in the Modulation of the Activation of Antigen Presenting Cells
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Recent Updates in Imperative Natural Compounds for Healthy Brain and Nerve Function: A Systematic Review of Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
Current Drug Targets Untangling the Functional Potential of PSA-NCAM-Expressing Cells in CNS Development and Brain Repair Strategies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Inflammatory Signaling Networks as Targets for Pharmacological Intervention of Chronic Diseases
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs
Current Molecular Pharmacology Endocannabinoid System in Neurological Disorders
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Regulation of MET Receptor Signaling by SOCS1 and its Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immune Aging and Autoimmune Diseases in Children
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued)