Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) patients shall develop eventually incurable bone metastasis. Although advanced prostate cancer is the best known example of androgen- dependent neoplasia, PCa patients after an excellent clinical response to adrogen ablation therapies (medical or surgical castration) will ultimately become castration resistant (CRPC).
Methods: Analysis of cell-cell interactions within the sites of osteoblastic metastasis has revealed that survival factors (inhibitors of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and androgen deprivation/medical or surgical castration-induced apopptosis) for prostate cancer cells are activated, locally.
Results: The analysis of these cell-cell interactions between metastatic PCa cells and host tissue (bone) revealed that insulin-like growth factor I, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) are the most important survival factors for prostate cancer cells residing in bones. Suppression of the bioavailability of such survival factors which can achieved by the administration of dexamethasone plus somatostatin analogues (anti-survival factor therapy: ASF therapy) was proven an effective hormonal manipulation for the treatment of CRPC.
Conclusion: The present review provides an update on bone microenvironment cell-cell interactions forming the concept of the ASF therapy for CRPC.
Keywords: Bone metastasis, prostate cancer, targeted therapies, tumor microenvironment, anti-survival factor therapy (ASF).
Graphical Abstract
Clinical Cancer Drugs
Title:Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: The Targeting of Bone Microenvironment-related Survival Factors For Prostate Cancer Cells
Volume: 3
Author(s): Dimitrios Karamanolakis, Athanasios Armakolas and Michael Koutsilieris
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bone metastasis, prostate cancer, targeted therapies, tumor microenvironment, anti-survival factor therapy (ASF).
Abstract: Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) patients shall develop eventually incurable bone metastasis. Although advanced prostate cancer is the best known example of androgen- dependent neoplasia, PCa patients after an excellent clinical response to adrogen ablation therapies (medical or surgical castration) will ultimately become castration resistant (CRPC).
Methods: Analysis of cell-cell interactions within the sites of osteoblastic metastasis has revealed that survival factors (inhibitors of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and androgen deprivation/medical or surgical castration-induced apopptosis) for prostate cancer cells are activated, locally.
Results: The analysis of these cell-cell interactions between metastatic PCa cells and host tissue (bone) revealed that insulin-like growth factor I, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) are the most important survival factors for prostate cancer cells residing in bones. Suppression of the bioavailability of such survival factors which can achieved by the administration of dexamethasone plus somatostatin analogues (anti-survival factor therapy: ASF therapy) was proven an effective hormonal manipulation for the treatment of CRPC.
Conclusion: The present review provides an update on bone microenvironment cell-cell interactions forming the concept of the ASF therapy for CRPC.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Karamanolakis Dimitrios, Armakolas Athanasios and Koutsilieris Michael, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: The Targeting of Bone Microenvironment-related Survival Factors For Prostate Cancer Cells, Clinical Cancer Drugs 2016; 3 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212697X03666151203202934
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212697X03666151203202934 |
Print ISSN 2212-697X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-6988 |

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses for Cancer Treatment
Current Cancer Drug Targets Recent Advances in Oncogenic Roles of the TRPM7 Chanzyme
Current Medicinal Chemistry Importance of Environmental Factors on Production of Computationally- Defined Natural Molecules against COVID-19 Pandemic
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Can We Predict the Sites of the Recurrence of Ovarian Cancer by F-18 FDG PET/CT Depending on CA-125 Level?
Current Medical Imaging Targeting CCK Receptors in Human Cancers
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Drugs - Potential for Misuse in Sport and Doping Control Detection Strategies
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Electric cable: cytoskeleton as an electric transmitter for cancer therapy
Current Signal Transduction Therapy EphA2-Dependent Molecular Targeting Therapy for Malignant Tumors
Current Cancer Drug Targets Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Treatment Targets for Ovarian Cancer by Analyzing Transcriptional Regulatory Network
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Importance of Growth Hormone (GH) and GH Secretagogues for Bone Mass and Density
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multimodal HDAC Inhibitors with Improved Anticancer Activity
Current Cancer Drug Targets The use of nanocarriers in acute myeloid leukaemia therapy: challenges and current status.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Adenovirus-based Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Current Drug Therapy for Prostate Cancer: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Licochalcone B Arrests Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery The Systemic Reaction During Inflammation: The Acute-Phase Proteins
Protein & Peptide Letters Id-1B, an Alternatively Spliced Isoform of the Inhibitor of Differentiation-1, Impairs Cancer Cell Malignancy Through Inhibition of Proliferation and Angiogenesis
Current Molecular Medicine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1, a Therapeutic Target in Cancer, Inflammation and Other Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry STAT Signaling and Cell Function
Current Genomics Proteomic Approaches for the Study of Transgelins as Tumor-associated Proteins and Potential Biomarkers
Current Proteomics