摘要
在阿尔兹海默病以及其他疾病中,谷氨酸信号失调是十分关键的。神经元谷氨酸信号的变化有一个焦点,同时小胶质细胞也表达以调节神经病理反应而出名的谷氨酸受体(GluRs),小胶质细胞表达代谢型和离子型谷氨酸受体,离子型谷氨酸受体中,小胶质细胞AMPA(α- amino-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate)型谷氨酸受体(AMPA- RS)由于亚基GluA2的表达,钙离子无法渗透 ,激活小胶质细胞后 ,表层的GluA2亚基明显增加了,而GluA1,A3和A4亚基在膜表面的表达明显降低。 由于GluA2亚基是主要组成部分,激活AMPA- RS小胶质细胞对谷氨酸的反应影响较小。另一方面,缺乏GluA2的小胶质细胞显示了很高的钙离子不可渗透性,接着诱导了促炎性细胞因子的释放,如肿瘤坏死因子α。有建议称,含有AMPA-Rs的GluA-2膜转位激活小胶质细胞有很大的功能重要性。因此,在诸如阿尔兹海默病和克雅氏病等神经退行性病人中,GluA2-的表达减少或者失调,这会通过导致神经死亡的小胶质细胞中前炎性细胞活素的过多释放,从而加剧谷氨酸的神经毒性。
关键词: AMPA受体;GluA2;钙离子的通透性;小胶质细胞;神经退行性疾病;肿瘤坏死因子-α
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Dysfunction of Glutamate Receptors in Microglia May Cause Neurodegeneration
Volume: 13 Issue: 4
Author(s): Mami Noda
Affiliation:
关键词: AMPA受体;GluA2;钙离子的通透性;小胶质细胞;神经退行性疾病;肿瘤坏死因子-α
摘要: Dysregulation of glutamate signalling is important in Alzheimer's disease and other pathologies. There has been a focus on changes in neuronal glutamate signalling, but microglia also express glutamate receptors (GluRs), which are known to modulate their responses to neuropathology. Microglia express both metabotropic and ionotropic GluRs. Among ionotropic GluRs, microglial AMPA (α-amino-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate)-type of GluRs (AMPA-Rs) are Ca2+ impermeable due to the expression of subunit GluA2. Upon activation of microglia, expression level of surface GluA2 subunits significantly increase, while expression of GluA1, A3 and A4 subunits on membrane surface significantly decrease. Owing to the GluA2 subunits-dominant composition, AMPA-Rs in activated microglia show little response to Glu. On the other hand, microglia lacking GluA2 show higher Ca2+-permeability, consequently inducing a significant increase in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α. It is suggested that membrane translocation of GluA2-containing AMPA-Rs in activated microglia has functional importance. Thus, dysfunction or decreased expression of GluA2 reported in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease may accelerate Glu neurotoxicity via excess release of proinflammatory cytokines from microglia, causing more neuronal death.
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Mami Noda , Dysfunction of Glutamate Receptors in Microglia May Cause Neurodegeneration, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116125810
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666151116125810 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
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