Altered Calcium Handling in Reperfusion Injury

Title:Altered Calcium Handling in Reperfusion Injury

Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Author(s): Georgios C. Bompotis, Spyridon Deftereos, Christos Angelidis, Efthymios Choidis, Vasiliki Panagopoulou, Andreas Kaoukis, Vassilios P. Vassilikos, Michael W. Cleman and Georgios Giannopoulos

Affiliation:

Keywords: Calcium, ischemia and reperfusion injury, L-type Ca²⁺ channel, Na+– Ca²⁺ exchanger, ryanodine receptor, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase, phospholamban, calpain.

Abstract: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the major mortality cause in the Western Hemisphere. Reinstituting blood flow in the acutely occluded coronary vessel became the standard intervention to prevent Myocardial Infarct (MI) progression. Ever since their conception, thrombolysis, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) have been at the forefront of CHD treatment, limiting MI size. However, it quickly became apparent that after a period of ischemia, reperfusion itself sets off a cascade of events leading to cell injury. It seems that cellular changes in the ischemic period, prime the cell for a loss of homeostasis once blood flow returns. Loss of calcium (Ca²⁺) regulation has been found to be a main culprit in both ischemia and reperfusion. Indeed, sarcoplasmic Ca²⁺ overload during reperfusion is related to hypercontracture, proteolysis and mitochondrial failure - the so-called Reperfusion Injury (RI). Ca²⁺ channels of the sarcolemma (SL) (L-Type Ca²⁺ Channels, Sodium / Calcium Exchanger) initiate Ca²⁺ flux and those of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) (Ca²⁺ ATPase, Ca²⁺ release channel) sustain the rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. Ensuing interplay between Ca²⁺, SR, mitochondria, myofilaments and proteolytic cascades i.e. calpain activation, results in cell injury. Novel insight about this interplay and details about the extent by which each of these players contributes to the RI, may allow scientists to devise and design proper interventions that ultimately reduce RI in clinical practice. The present article reviews the literature about key subcellular players participating in the sustained rise of cardiac myocyte cytosolic Ca2+ during ischemia and reperfusion.

Cite this article as:

Bompotis C. Georgios, Deftereos Spyridon, Angelidis Christos, Choidis Efthymios, Panagopoulou Vasiliki, Kaoukis Andreas, Vassilikos P. Vassilios, Cleman W. Michael and Giannopoulos Georgios, Altered Calcium Handling in Reperfusion Injury, Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 12 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406411666150928112420