HIV-1 Neutralizing Activity is Correlated with Increased Levels of Chemokines in Saliva of HIV-1-Exposed Uninfected Individuals

Title: HIV-1 Neutralizing Activity is Correlated with Increased Levels of Chemokines in Saliva of HIV-1-Exposed Uninfected Individuals

Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Author(s): Taha Hirbod, Camilla Reichard, Klara Hasselrot, Johan Soderlund, Joshua Kimani, Job J. Bwayo, Francis Plummer, Rupert Kaul and Kristina Broliden

Affiliation:

Keywords: HIV-1, chemokines, IgA2, Neutralization, SLPI

Abstract: Aim: Mucosal HIV-1 exposure stimulates a variety of mucosal immune responses, including IgA1-mediated virus neutralization, even in the absence of an established infection. We hypothesized that other immune molecules might also contribute to the HIV-1 neutralizing activity observed in the mucosal secretions of HIV-1 exposed uninfected individuals. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from HIV-1 seronegative high-risk female sex workers (FSW) from Nairobi. Samples were also collected from HIV-1 IgG positive FSW and HIV-1 IgG negative low-risk women from the same geographical area. In all samples, IgA2, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), regulated on activation, normal Tcell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and beta (MIP-1αand -β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were quantified. The IgA1-depleted saliva samples were subsequently tested for neutralizing capacity in a PBMC-based neutralization assay using a primary HIV-1 clade A isolate to determine biological relevance of the measured molecules. Results: HIV-1 specific neutralization was present in the IgA1-depleted fraction from saliva of both HIV-1 seropositive (9 of 10) and high-risk individuals (36 of 45) but not in HIV-1 IgG-negative control subjects (0 of 8). In the high-risk individuals, higher levels of CC-chemokines were seen in those that could neutralize HIV-1 as compared with those that could not (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HIV-1 neutralizing activity in saliva of HIV-1- exposed high-risk individuals is not only mediated by IgA1, but is also present in IgA1-depleted fractions and is associated with increased levels of CC-chemokines. Such innate immune factors may be important in limiting HIV-1 mucosal transmission.

Cite this article as:

Hirbod Taha, Reichard Camilla, Hasselrot Klara, Soderlund Johan, Kimani Joshua, Bwayo J. Job, Plummer Francis, Kaul Rupert and Broliden Kristina, HIV-1 Neutralizing Activity is Correlated with Increased Levels of Chemokines in Saliva of HIV-1-Exposed Uninfected Individuals, Current HIV Research 2008; 6 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016208783571964