Titanium Complexes: Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects on HeLa, C6, and CHO Cell Lines

Title:Titanium Complexes: Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects on HeLa, C6, and CHO Cell Lines

Volume: 3

Author(s): Nitesh Kumar*, Raj Kaushal, Ashun Chaudhary, Saroj Arora and Pamita Awasthi

Affiliation:

• Department of Chemistry, Government College Jhandutta, District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh 174031, India
• Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005, India

Abstract:

The antiproliferative studies of Titanium(II) complexes of composition TiCl2 (L)₂ [L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (bpMe), 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (bpoMe), 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dpMe), adamantylamine (ada)] were done against three different HeLa (cervical), C6 (glioma) and CHO (Chinese hamster ovarian) cell lines. It has been observed that the complex with 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dpme) ligand was more potent against HeLa cell lines with an IC₅₀ value of 9.10 μM but less effective than the known anticancer drug Camptothecin (IC₅₀ = 6.2 μM). Furthermore, cell cycle analysis was accomplished on CHO cell lines to discover the cell death mechanism. It has been observed that all complexes induce cell death through an increase in hypo-diploid cells (Sub-G1 population), which indicates apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Objectives: Cytotoxic studies of synthesized titanium complexes on three different cell lines; MTT assay; cell cycle analysis.

Methods: MTT assay: The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized complexes against the HeLa, C6, and CHO cell lines was determined using the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. This assay was carried out in triplicate on 96 plates, with a well-defined procedure and minor modifications.

Result: Cell cycle analysis: Cells were plated at 1×10⁶ cells/dish in 24-well plates and then grown either in the presence or absence of the complex at three different concentrations, i.e. below and above IC₅₀ and at IC₅₀ values. After 24 h of treatment, the cells were harvested from the dishes by collecting trypsinized cells together with floating cells in the medium.

Conclusion: In the present paper, we have reported the cytotoxic studies of previously reported titanium complexes against HeLa, C6, and CHO cell lines. The results have shown that titanium complex (D1) having 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligand was more effective against the HeLa cell line. The morphological changes in CHO cells indicate characteristic features similar to apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis indicates an increase in hypo-diploid cells.

Cite this article as:

Kumar Nitesh*, Kaushal Raj, Chaudhary Ashun, Arora Saroj and Awasthi Pamita, Titanium Complexes: Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects on HeLa, C6, and CHO Cell Lines, Current Chinese Chemistry 2023; 3 : e150823219704 . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666001603666230815105107