Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Probiotics

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-6499
ISSN (Online): 2666-6502

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Probiotics and Health: A Review

Author(s): Priti Tomar*, Shikha Sharma and Neha Dangi

Volume 1, 2024

Published on: 13 June, 2023

Article ID: e090523216720 Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/2666649901666230509155058

Price: $65

Abstract

Humans serve as hosts for various species of microorganisms that contribute to the maintenance of human health. The beneficial bacteria residing in our bodies are referred to as probiotics. Besides improving the immune system, probiotics are also capable of warding off various diseases. In recent decades, probiotic microorganisms have emerged as a significant factor in human well-being. Popularly referred to as "health-friendly microorganisms," they influence health in myriad ways by boosting the immune system, combating intestinal irritation, improving the balance of the gut microbiome, lowering blood pressure, relieving postmenopausal symptoms, and reducing traveler’s diarrhea. The ability of probiotics to compete for the adhesion sites of pathogenic microbes makes them an effective treatment against various intestinal pathogens. Recent studies also advocate their use in the treatment of skin and oral diseases. In addition, the modulation of gut flora by probiotics is being discussed as a possible new solution for treating tension and depression. Ultimately, a cost-effective approach is imperative to improve and maintain fitness in the present competitive environment. This review aims to evaluate the potential benefits of probiotic microorganisms in various disorders, such as gastrointestinal disorders, UTIs, acne, anticancer properties, gut-brain connections, and their possible mode of action.

[1]
Afrc RF. Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacteriol 1989; 66(5): 365-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x] [PMID: 2666378]
[2]
Ziemer CJ, Gibson GR. An overview of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the functional food concept: Perspectives and future strategies. Int Dairy J 1998; 8(5-6): 473-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00071-5]
[3]
Granato D, Branco GF, Nazzaro F, Cruz AG, Faria JAF. Functional foods and nondairy probiotic food development: Trends, concepts, and products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9(3): 292-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00110.x] [PMID: 33467814]
[4]
Fuller R. “Probiotics for farm animals,” in Probiotics a Critical Review. Wymondham, UK: Horizon Scientific 1999; pp. 15-22.
[5]
FAO/WHO (2001). Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria – Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Hotel, American. 2014. Available from: https://www.fao.org/3/a0512e/a0512e.pdf
[6]
Gallego CG, Salminen S. Novel probiotics and prebiotics: How can they help in human gut microbiota dysbiosis? Applied Food Biotechnology 2016; 3(2): 72-81.
[7]
de Melo Pereira GV, de Oliveira Coelho B, Magalhães Júnior AI, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36(8): 2060-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.003] [PMID: 30266342]
[8]
Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 11(8): 506-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66] [PMID: 24912386]
[9]
Metchnikoff E. The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies. London, UK: William Heinemann 1907; pp. 161-83.
[10]
Tissier H. Traitement des infections intestinalespar la méthode de la florebactérienne del’intestin. C. Soc Biol 1907; 60: 359-61.
[11]
Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. Probiotics: Growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. science 1965; 147(3659): 747-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3659.747] [PMID: 14242024]
[12]
Rasika DMD, Vidanarachchi JK, Rocha RS, et al. Plant-based milk substitutes as emerging probiotic carriers. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021; 38: 8-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.025]
[13]
Gupta V, Garg R. Probiotics. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27(3): 202-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.53201] [PMID: 19584499]
[14]
Toma MM, Pokrotnieks J. Probiotics as functional food: Microbiological and medical aspects. Acta Universitatis Latviensis ser. Biology 2006; 710: 117.
[15]
Collins JK, Thornton G, Sullivan GO. Selection of probiotic strains for human applications. Int Dairy J 1998; 8(5-6): 487-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00073-9]
[16]
Ohland CL, MacNaughton WK. Probiotic bacteria and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298(6): G807-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00243.2009] [PMID: 20299599]
[17]
Hooper LV, Wong MH, Thelin A, Hansson L, Falk PG, Gordon JI. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine. Science 2001; 291(5505): 881-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5505.881] [PMID: 11157169]
[18]
Sharma H, Bajwa J. Potential role and mechanism of probiotics. Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol 2021; 25: 3616-24.
[19]
Sartor RB. Mechanisms of Disease: Pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 3(7): 390-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpgasthep0528] [PMID: 16819502]
[20]
Juntunen M, Kirjavainen PV, Ouwehand AC, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Adherence of probiotic bacteria to human intestinal mucus in healthy infants and during rotavirus infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8(2): 293-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.2.293-296.2001] [PMID: 11238211]
[21]
Salminen S, Bouley C, Boutron M-C, et al. Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function. Br J Nutr 1998; 80(S1) (Suppl. 1): S147-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN19980108] [PMID: 9849357]
[22]
Collado MC, Gueimonde M, Hernández M, Sanz Y, Salminen S. Adhesion of selected Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus and the role of adhesion in enteropathogen exclusion. J Food Prot 2005; 68(12): 2672-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-68.12.2672] [PMID: 16355841]
[23]
Castagliuolo I, Galeazzi F, Ferrari S, et al. Beneficial effect of auto-aggregating Lactobacillus crispatus on experimentally induced colitis in mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2005; 43(2): 197-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2004.08.011] [PMID: 15681150]
[24]
Sadeghi A, Ebrahimi M, Shahryari S, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Food applications of probiotic yeasts; focusing on their techno-functional, postbiotic and protective capabilities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 128: 278-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.018]
[25]
González-Rodríguez I, Sánchez B, Ruiz L, et al. Role of extracellular transaldolase from Bifidobacterium bifidum in mucin adhesion and aggregation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78(11): 3992-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.08024-11] [PMID: 22447584]
[26]
Van Tassell ML, Miller MJ. Lactobacillus adhesion to mucus. Nutrients 2011; 3(5): 613-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu3050613] [PMID: 22254114]
[27]
Buck BL, Altermann E, Svingerud T, Klaenhammer TR. Functional analysis of putative adhesion factors in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71(12): 8344-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.8344-8351.2005] [PMID: 16332821]
[28]
Servin AL. Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2004; 28(4): 405-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2004.01.003] [PMID: 15374659]
[29]
Hassan M, Kjos M, Nes IF, Diep DB, Lotfipour F. Natural antimicrobial peptides from bacteria: Characteristics and potential applications to fight against antibiotic resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113(4): 723-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05338.x] [PMID: 22583565]
[30]
Bolton M, van der Straten A, Cohen CR. Probiotics: Potential to prevent HIV and sexually transmitted infections in women. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35(3): 214-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815b017a] [PMID: 18490864]
[31]
Iannitti T, Palmieri B. Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice. Clin Nutr 2010; 29(6): 701-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.05.004] [PMID: 20576332]
[32]
Reid G, Burton J. Use of Lactobacillus to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. Microbes Infect 2002; 4(3): 319-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01544-7] [PMID: 11909742]
[33]
Tan AU, Schlosser BJ, Paller AS. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol 2018; 4(2): 56-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.10.006] [PMID: 29872679]
[34]
Platsidaki E, Dessinioti C. Recent advances in understanding Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium acnes) in acne. F1000 Res 2018; 7: 1953.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15659.1] [PMID: 30613388]
[35]
Peyri J. Topical bacteriotherapy of the skin. Journal of Cutaneous Diseases 1912; 30: 688-9.
[36]
Di Marzio L, Cinque B, De Simone C, Cifone MG. Effect of the lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus on ceramide levels in human keratinocytes in vitro and stratum corneum in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 113(1): 98-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00633.x] [PMID: 10417626]
[37]
Bowe WP, Logan AC. Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain-skin axis - back to the future? Gut Pathog 2011; 3(1): 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-3-1] [PMID: 21281494]
[38]
Pavicic T, Wollenweber U, Farwick M, Korting HC. Anti-microbial and -inflammatory activity and efficacy of phytosphingosine: An in vitro and in vivo study addressing acne vulgaris. Int J Cosmet Sci 2007; 29(3): 181-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00378.x] [PMID: 18489348]
[39]
Al-Ghazzewi FH, Tester RF. Effect of konjac glucomannan hydrolysates and probiotics on the growth of the skin bacterium Propionibacterium acnes in vitro. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32(2): 139-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00555.x] [PMID: 19818083]
[40]
Kang BS, Seo JG, Lee GS, et al. Antimicrobial activity of enterocins from Enterococcus faecalis SL-5 against Propionibacterium acnes, the causative agent in acne vulgaris, and its therapeutic effect. J Microbiol 2009; 47(1): 101-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0179-y] [PMID: 19229497]
[41]
Catherine Mack Correa M, Nebus J. Management of patients with atopic dermatitis: The role of emollient therapy. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012: 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/836931] [PMID: 23008699]
[42]
Di Marzio L, Centi C, Cinque B, et al. Effect of the lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus on stratum corneum ceramide levels and signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis patients. Exp Dermatol 2003; 12(5): 615-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.00051.x] [PMID: 14705802]
[43]
Gueniche A, Knaudt B, Schuck E, et al. Effects of nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium Vitreoscilla filiformis lysate on atopic dermatitis: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159(6): 1357-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08836.x] [PMID: 18795916]
[44]
Myles IA, Earland NJ, Anderson ED, et al. First-in-human topical microbiome transplantation with Roseomonas mucosa for atopic dermatitis. JCI Insight 2018; 3(9): e120608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.120608] [PMID: 29720571]
[45]
International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. Chausseede la HulpeWatermael-Boitsfort, Belgium. IDF Diabetes Atlas 2017; 166: 1170.
[46]
Larsen N, Vogensen FK, van den Berg FWJ, et al. Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults. PLoS One 2010; 5(2): e9085.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009085] [PMID: 20140211]
[47]
Iqbal MZ, Qadir MI, Hussain T, Janbaz KH, Khan YH, Ahmad B. Review: Probiotics and their beneficial effects against various diseases. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27(2): 405-15.
[PMID: 24577933]
[48]
Vitti-Ruela BV, Dokkedal-Silva V, Hirata AE, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Sleep and probiotics in diabetes management. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17(2): 200-1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2023.01.013] [PMID: 36781365]
[49]
Le Barz M, Anhê FF, Varin TV, et al. Probiotics as complementary treatment for metabolic disorders. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39(4): 291-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.291] [PMID: 26301190]
[50]
Kobyliak N, Conte C, Cammarota G, Haley AP, Styriak I. Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: A critical view. Nutrition Metabolism 2016; 13(1): 14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-016-0067-0]
[51]
Barrett E, Ross RP, O’Toole PW, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. γ-Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113(2): 411-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05344.x] [PMID: 22612585]
[52]
Andreasen AS, Larsen N, Pedersen-Skovsgaard T, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2010; 104(12): 1831-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510002874] [PMID: 20815975]
[53]
Moroti C, Souza Magri LF, de Rezende Costa M, Cavallini DCU, Sivieri K. Effect of the consumption of a new symbiotic shake on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11(1): 29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-11-29] [PMID: 22356933]
[54]
Asemi Z, Khorrami-Rad A, Alizadeh SA, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: A double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2014; 33(2): 198-203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.015] [PMID: 23786900]
[55]
Tonucci LB, Olbrich dos Santos KM, Licursi de Oliveira L, Rocha Ribeiro SM, Duarte Martino HS. Clinical application of probiotics in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nutr 2017; 36(1): 85-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.011] [PMID: 26732026]
[56]
Firouzi S, Majid HA, Ismail A, Kamaruddin NA, Barakatun-Nisak MY. Effect of multi-strain probiotics (multi-strain microbial cell preparation) on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56(4): 1535-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1199-8] [PMID: 26988693]
[57]
Yang Y, Weng W, Peng J, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum increases proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and tumor development in mice by activating toll-like receptor 4 signaling to nuclear factor−κb, and up-regulating expression of microRNA-21. Gastroenterology 2017; 152(4): 851-866.e24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.018] [PMID: 27876571]
[58]
Tiptiri-Kourpeti A, Spyridopoulou K, Santarmaki V, et al. Lactobacillus casei exerts anti-proliferative effects accompanied by apoptotic cell death and up-regulation of trail in colon carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2016; 11(2): e0147960.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147960] [PMID: 26849051]
[59]
Tarrah A, da Silva Duarte V, de Castilhos J, et al. Probiotic potential and biofilm inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus casei group strains isolated from infant feces. J Funct Foods 2019; 54: 489-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.004]
[60]
Vasiljevic T, Shah NP. Probiotics-From Metchnikoff To Bioactives. int dairy J 2008; 18(7): 714-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.03.004]
[61]
Ranji P, Agah S, Heydari Z, Rahmati-Yamchi M, Mohammad Alizadeh A. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotics on the serum biochemical parameters, and the vitamin D and leptin receptor genes on mice colon cancer. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2019; 22(6): 631-6.
[PMID: 31231490]
[62]
Shida K, Nomoto K. Probiotics as efficient immunopotentiators: Translational role in cancer prevention. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138(5): 808-14.
[PMID: 24434333]
[63]
Zitvogel L, Derosa L, Kroemer G. Modulation of cancer immunotherapy by dietary fibers and over-the-counter probiotics. Cell Metab 2022; 34(3): 350-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.004] [PMID: 35235771]
[64]
Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58(2): 258-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000266] [PMID: 24345831]
[65]
Hyams J, Colletti R, Faure C, et al. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Working group report of the first world congress of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. j pediatr gastroenterol Nutr 2002; 35(Suppl. 2): S110-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200208002-00008] [PMID: 12192179]
[66]
Ferreira-Maia AP, Matijasevich A, Wang YP. Epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(28): 6547-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6547] [PMID: 27605889]
[67]
Basilisco G, Coletta M. Chronic constipation: A critical review. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45(11): 886-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2013.03.016] [PMID: 23639342]
[68]
Johanson JF, Kralstein J. Chronic constipation: A survey of the patient perspective. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25(5): 599-608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03238.x] [PMID: 17305761]
[69]
Müller-Lissner SA, Kaatz V, Brandt W, Keller J, Layer P. The perceived effect of various foods and beverages on stool consistency. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17(1): 109-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200501000-00020] [PMID: 15647650]
[70]
Chmielewska A, Szajewska H. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials: Probiotics for functional constipation. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(1): 69-75.
[PMID: 20039451]
[71]
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, Scott SM, Whelan K. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100(4): 1075-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.089151] [PMID: 25099542]
[72]
Eskesen D, Jespersen L, Michelsen B, Whorwell PJ, Müller-Lissner S, Morberg CM. Effect of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 ®, on defecation frequency in healthy subjects with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Br J Nutr 2015; 114(10): 1638-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515003347] [PMID: 26382580]
[73]
Mayer EA, Tillisch K, Gupta A. Gut/brain axis and the microbiota. J Clin Invest 2015; 125(3): 926-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI76304] [PMID: 25689247]
[74]
Liu L, Huh JR, Shah K. Microbiota and the gut-brain-axis: Implications for new therapeutic design in the CNS. EBioMedicine 2022; 77: 103908.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103908] [PMID: 35255456]
[75]
Tillisch K. The effects of gut microbiota on CNS function in humans. Gut Microbes 2014; 5(3): 404-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/gmic.29232] [PMID: 24838095]
[76]
Umbrello G, Esposito S. Microbiota and neurologic diseases: Potential effects of probiotics. J Transl Med 2016; 14(1): 298.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-1058-7] [PMID: 27756430]
[77]
Messaoudi M, Lalonde R, Violle N, et al. Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. Br J Nutr 2011; 105(5): 755-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004319] [PMID: 20974015]
[78]
Rao AV, Bested AC, Beaulne TM, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of a probiotic in emotional symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Gut Pathog 2009; 1(1): 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-1-6] [PMID: 19338686]
[79]
Szajewska H. What are the indications for using probiotics in children? Arch Dis Child 2016; 101(4): 398-403.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308656] [PMID: 26347386]
[80]
Barrett HL, Callaway LK, Nitert MD. Probiotics: A potential role in the prevention of gestational diabetes? Acta Diabetol 2012; 49(S1): 1-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-012-0444-8] [PMID: 23180045]
[81]
Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J, Parkin P, Mahant S, Johnston BC. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Libr 2015; 22(12): CD004827.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub4] [PMID: 26695080]
[82]
Raksha Rao K, Vipin AV, Hariprasad P, Anu Appaiah KA, Venkateswaran G. Biological detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Bacillus licheniformis CFR1. Food Control 2017; 71: 234-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.040]
[83]
Kotowska M, Albrecht P, Szajewska H. Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21(5): 583-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02356.x] [PMID: 15740542]
[84]
Szajewska H, Skórka A, Ruszczyński M, Gieruszczak-Białek D. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children - updated analysis of randomised controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38(5): 467-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.12403] [PMID: 23841880]
[85]
Ianiro G, Rizzatti G, Plomer M, et al. Bacillus clausii for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2018; 10(8): 1074.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081074] [PMID: 30103531]
[86]
Sung V, D’Amico F, Cabana MD, et al. Lactobacillus reuteri to treat infant colic: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2018; 141(1): e20171811.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1811] [PMID: 29279326]
[87]
Sudha MR, Jayanthi N, Pandey DC, Verma AK. Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 reduces severity of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age: A double blind placebo controlled study. Benef Microbes 2019; 10(2): 149-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/BM2018.0094] [PMID: 30638396]
[88]
Wood AJJ, DuPont HL, Ericsson CD. Prevention and treatment of traveler’s diarrhea. N Engl J Med 1993; 328(25): 1821-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199306243282507] [PMID: 8502272]
[89]
McFarland LV. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler’s diarrhea. Travel Med Infect Dis 2007; 5(2): 97-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.10.003] [PMID: 17298915]
[90]
Tejero-Sariñena S, Barlow J, Costabile A, Gibson GR, Rowland I. Antipathogenic activity of probiotics against Salmonella Typhimurium and Clostridium difficile in anaerobic batch culture systems: Is it due to synergies in probiotic mixtures or the specificity of single strains? Anaerobe 2013; 24: 60-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.09.011] [PMID: 24091275]
[91]
Kareem KY, Hooi Ling F, Teck Chwen L, May Foong O, Anjas Asmara S. Inhibitory activity of postbiotic produced by strains of Lactobacillus plantarum using reconstituted media supplemented with inulin. Gut Pathog 2014; 6(1): 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-6-23] [PMID: 24991236]
[92]
Simova ED, Beshkova DB, Dimitrov ZP. Characterization and antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Bulgarian dairy products. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106(2): 692-701.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04052.x] [PMID: 19200334]
[93]
Figueroa-Gonzalez I, Cruz-Guerrero A, Quijano G. The benefits of probiotics on human health. J Microb Biochem Technol 2011; 2011: S1.
[94]
Ammor S, Tauveron G, Dufour E, Chevallier I. Antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria isolated from the same meat small-scale facility. Food Control 2006; 17(6): 454-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.02.006]
[95]
Kechagia M, Basoulis D, Konstantopoulou S, et al. Health benefits of probiotics: A review. ISRN Nutr 2013; 2013: 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/481651] [PMID: 24959545]
[96]
Chenoll E, Casinos B, Bataller E, et al. Novel probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum CECT 7366 strain active against the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77(4): 1335-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01820-10] [PMID: 21169430]
[97]
König J, Siebenhaar A, Högenauer C, et al. Consensus report: Faecal microbiota transfer - clinical applications and procedures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45(2): 222-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.13868] [PMID: 27891639]
[98]
Shanahan F, Quigley EMM. Manipulation of the microbiota for treatment of IBS and IBD-challenges and controversies. Gastroenterology 2014; 146(6): 1554-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.050] [PMID: 24486051]
[99]
Liu L, Wu Q, Chen Y, et al. Gut microbiota in chronic pain: Novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115: 109685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109685]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy