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Review Article

全球疫苗接种对SARS-CoV-2感染的影响：疫苗机制、临床试验结果、牛痘覆盖率以及与新变异体相互作用的综述

卷 29, 期 15, 2022

发表于: 04 January, 2022

页: [2673 - 2690] 页: 18

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867328666210902094254

价格: $65

摘要

背景：COVID-19大流行要求全球努力迅速开发针对SARS-CoV-2的安全有效的疫苗。 目的：探讨现有的主要疫苗、作用机制、临床试验结果和流行病学行为。病毒变异的影响也引起了争论。 方法：通过检索Pubmed，Scopus和SciELO数据库，使用以下术语的不同组合，在2021年2月至3月期间进行非系统文献综述：“疫苗”，“临床试验”，“SARS-CoV-2”，“冠状病毒”，“COVID-19”，“作用机制”。还检索了有关SARS-CoV-2疫苗临床试验的数据和流行病学信息。 结果：作用机制包括载体病毒，mRNA和灭活病毒疫苗。疫苗在2/3期临床试验中显示出积极的结果。mRNA 1273和mRNA BNT 162b2疫苗的疗效分别为94.1%和95%。ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗的有效性根据该方案而有所不同，总值为70.4%。Gam-COVID-Vac疫苗的疗效为91.6%。关于Ad26.COV2.S疫苗，接种疫苗29天后，在所有亚组中观察到99%或更多的血清转化。CoronaVac疫苗在接受3ug的92%的志愿者中诱导免疫反应，在98%的接受6ug的志愿者中引起免疫反应，而安慰剂组则为3%。 结论：全球努力使疫苗在创纪录的时间内问世，具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。然而，只有长期研究才能提供有关免疫持续时间和额外剂量需求的更多信息。

关键词: SARS-CoV-2，冠状病毒，COVID-19，疫苗，新变种，免疫反应，牛痘覆盖率，疫苗接种的影响。

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