Abstract
HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global public health issue, affecting multiple organs, such as the eyes. With the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), the incidence has dropped but HIV ocular complications still remain a major cause of vision impairment in HIVpositive individuals. Since modern medical interventions nowadays can change this previously fatal infection into a chronic disease and enable people living with HIV for relatively long and healthy lives, recent studies update the incidence of HIV-related ocular manifestations, which has reached 70% among HIV patients. The primary ocular disorders induced by HIV are various and the clinical ocular findings are similar, which may be a problem to diagnose in the setting of disease. In our discussion, these complications are classified by etiology, for example noninfectious microvasculopathy resulting from direct invasion of the HIV, HIV-associated opportunistic infections caused by a virus, such as cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus, fungus for example, candida and cryptococcus, bacteria like mycobacterium, parasites, such as toxoplasma and pneumocystis, and other pathogens, and infiltration lesions like lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. In order to get a better understanding of HIV ocular complications, we focus on HIV-related ocular complications in the HAART era with an emphasis on current incidence, clinical manifestations, ocular examination findings, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In addition, we discuss the possibility of virus reservoir in the eyes, which makes HIV-related oculopathy still ubiquitous even after successful systemic treatment.
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), ocular opportunistic infections, highly active antiretroviral therapy, ocular manifestations, incidence rate, HIV reservoir.
Graphical Abstract
Current HIV Research
Title:New Insights into Ocular Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Volume: 19 Issue: 6
Author(s): Luoziyi Wang, Xin Che, Jing Jiang, Yiwen Qian and Zhiliang Wang*
Affiliation:
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12, Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040,China
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), ocular opportunistic infections, highly active antiretroviral therapy, ocular manifestations, incidence rate, HIV reservoir.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global public health issue, affecting multiple organs, such as the eyes. With the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), the incidence has dropped but HIV ocular complications still remain a major cause of vision impairment in HIVpositive individuals. Since modern medical interventions nowadays can change this previously fatal infection into a chronic disease and enable people living with HIV for relatively long and healthy lives, recent studies update the incidence of HIV-related ocular manifestations, which has reached 70% among HIV patients. The primary ocular disorders induced by HIV are various and the clinical ocular findings are similar, which may be a problem to diagnose in the setting of disease. In our discussion, these complications are classified by etiology, for example noninfectious microvasculopathy resulting from direct invasion of the HIV, HIV-associated opportunistic infections caused by a virus, such as cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus, fungus for example, candida and cryptococcus, bacteria like mycobacterium, parasites, such as toxoplasma and pneumocystis, and other pathogens, and infiltration lesions like lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. In order to get a better understanding of HIV ocular complications, we focus on HIV-related ocular complications in the HAART era with an emphasis on current incidence, clinical manifestations, ocular examination findings, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In addition, we discuss the possibility of virus reservoir in the eyes, which makes HIV-related oculopathy still ubiquitous even after successful systemic treatment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wang Luoziyi, Che Xin, Jiang Jing, Qian Yiwen and Wang Zhiliang*, New Insights into Ocular Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Current HIV Research 2021; 19 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X19666210812113137
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X19666210812113137 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Camptothecins and Lung Cancer: Improved Delivery Systems by Aerosol
Current Cancer Drug Targets Carcinogenesis and Diabetic Wound Healing: Evidences of Parallelism
Current Diabetes Reviews Lipid Matrix Nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics
Current Nanoscience Updates on the Production of Therapeutic Antibodies Using Human Hybridoma Technique
Current Pharmaceutical Design Natural Product Inhibitors of Hsp90: Potential Leads for Drug Discovery
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Imiquimod 5% Cream Use in Dermatology, Side Effects and Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery A Comparison of the Biological Properties of Small Molecular Weight Agonists and Antagonists of CD200:CD200R Interactions
Medicinal Chemistry Dasatinib: An Anti-Tumour Agent via Src Inhibition
Current Drug Targets Protein Kinases as Tumor Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacological Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (PCIs) as Potential Antiviral Drugs
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Toll-Like Receptors in Human Multiple Myeloma: New Insight into Inflammation-Related Pathogenesis
Current Molecular Medicine Molecular Imaging with Small Animal PET/CT
Current Medical Imaging Wrap-and-Strip Technology of Protein–Polyelectrolyte Complex for Biomedical Application
Current Medicinal Chemistry Muramyl Dipeptide and its Derivatives: Peptide Adjuvant in Immunological Disorders and Cancer Therapy
Current Bioactive Compounds High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 in HIV-1 Infection: Connecting Microbial Translocation, Cell Death and Immune Activation
Current HIV Research Role of Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Insights into Vascular Repair Mechanisms
Current Pharmaceutical Design Oncogene-Blocking Therapies: New Insights from Conditional Mouse Tumor Models
Current Cancer Drug Targets Gene Therapy of Cancer with Interleukin-12
Current Pharmaceutical Design Crocetin as an Active Secondary Metabolite of Saffron Stigma and Anticancer Effects
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews