摘要
表观遗传修饰是指基因表达的可逆改变。表观遗传变化包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码rna,统称为表观基因组。各种表观遗传效应解释了环境和生活方式对癌症等多因素疾病的主要影响。环境对癌症的影响是一把双刃剑。其中一些与癌症的发展有关,而另一些则有助于预防癌症。本文通过检索ISI、PUBMED、SCOPUS和谷歌Scholar数据库中的关键词“cancer”、“epigenetic”、“lifestyle”、“carcinogen”、“cancer inhibitors”及相关词汇,寻找环境因素与影响癌症的表观遗传机制之间的联系。根据文献,在这篇综述中,对癌症的发展或癌症预防有效的环境因素将分为物理、化学、生物和生活方式类型。不同类型的表观遗传机制已知的每一个这些代理人将被处理。不受调控的表观基因组变化在致瘤和癌症发展中发挥作用。与表观遗传改变信号通路相关的作用机制和靶向基因决定了环境因子是致癌还是预防癌症。了解癌症的影响因素和相关机制,如表观遗传,有助于预防和改善癌症治疗。
关键词: 表观遗传,环境,生活方式,致癌物质,预防癌症,基因表达。
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