Abstract
Certain infectious diseases are more common in infants than any other age groups and are associated with morbidities in childhood and adulthood, and even mortality in severe cases. Environment, epidemic and maternal immunity are the main causes of these infections. Early diagnosis using molecular methods and treatment is therefore important to prevent future complications. Vaccines are recommended during infancy and childhood to prevent these infections. This review highlights some of the most commonly reported viral infections in children, their clinical signs, prevention and treatment.
Keywords: Viral infections, vaccines, infancy, childhood, mortality, infectious diseases.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01759] [PMID: 30105028]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30387-9] [PMID: 30507391]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30103-2] [PMID: 28804787]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100725] [PMID: 32774868]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.12689]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24461]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-016-0123-0] [PMID: 27480325]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31127-9] [PMID: 30025808]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1309] [PMID: 27581858]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-016-0897-x] [PMID: 27508539]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.012] [PMID: 30442508]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104169] [PMID: 25192177]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095026881200252X] [PMID: 23148910]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082324] [PMID: 32707777]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01377.x] [PMID: 22687178]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2017.1285046] [PMID: 28301990]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.12367] [PMID: 26663701]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2307.170311] [PMID: 28628438]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1112-7006] [PMID: 32110818]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000912] [PMID: 27898578]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13083] [PMID: 27124842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jir.2018.0002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ped.13658] [PMID: 29998580]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405616666200226103615]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/bp.2018.082]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-015-0387-2] [PMID: 26463525]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2015.05.005] [PMID: 26188604]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.201745144] [PMID: 28225976]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3209-8] [PMID: 30022279]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002372] [PMID: 26765411]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-015-0867-6] [PMID: 26680781]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-017-0907-5] [PMID: 28693588]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1973947815Y.0000000065] [PMID: 26239190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2637-9] [PMID: 28877682]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6020606] [PMID: 24509812]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12185-018-2544-x] [PMID: 30291557]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02411-13] [PMID: 24108608]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.054] [PMID: 26996725]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.11.008] [PMID: 26694873]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.035] [PMID: 29229308]
[PMID: 28820724]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4307468] [PMID: 28326104]
[PMID: 23826505]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00032-09] [PMID: 20065326]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25350] [PMID: 30358912]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.05.020416] [PMID: 26682048]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.126610] [PMID: 24669339]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-018-0579-7] [PMID: 29338717]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1997] [PMID: 30043515]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.077] [PMID: 28041669]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.012] [PMID: 28108365]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100728] [PMID: 32802335]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01361] [PMID: 30411898]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.01.041] [PMID: 26875009]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.056] [PMID: 30177258]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-03309-0] [PMID: 30637465]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/petr.13336] [PMID: 30604582]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2017.69]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tid.12844]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01802-15] [PMID: 26438495]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_178] [PMID: 28039664]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_182] [PMID: 28181195]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212050] [PMID: 30742654]
[PMID: 29564061]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020122] [PMID: 30704019]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100011] [PMID: 31384733]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2019.03.012] [PMID: 30952067]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268815000953] [PMID: 26112743]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40348-016-0049-3] [PMID: 27251607]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002165] [PMID: 30882724]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-2384] [PMID: 29343585]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100164]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002669] [PMID: 32079974]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25399] [PMID: 30636345]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6501a1] [PMID: 26766396]
[PMID: 32448707]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2002] [PMID: 26389824]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.11.004] [PMID: 29406972]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049936117744429] [PMID: 29344358]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-14-54] [PMID: 24669783]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1245-0] [PMID: 20617343]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1238994] [PMID: 27686522]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.004] [PMID: 28446379]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24297] [PMID: 26100228]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.83] [PMID: 29119972]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.096] [PMID: 28780116]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.058] [PMID: 29752020]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.058] [PMID: 29397224]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12496] [PMID: 30048564]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30409-4] [PMID: 29553443]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3520-z] [PMID: 30526511]
[PMID: 25797817]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24139] [PMID: 25648409]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ped.12592]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160030] [PMID: 27223654]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1647] [PMID: 28875609]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24553] [PMID: 27097123]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.061] [PMID: 22537432]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2016.06.006] [PMID: 27742003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.018] [PMID: 25920093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.05.048] [PMID: 27269245]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2017.1292541] [PMID: 28276802]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.07.010] [PMID: 30107999]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.395] [PMID: 29789159]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2017.1343669] [PMID: 28644696]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03332-9] [PMID: 30767142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523941113] [PMID: 27247405]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158398] [PMID: 27355931]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmw080] [PMID: 27923889]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1358325] [PMID: 28846484]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30727-2] [PMID: 29242091]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804672115] [PMID: 30150394]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz392] [PMID: 31352487]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13267]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmt075] [PMID: 24297468]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10464.x] [PMID: 21692764]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.019] [PMID: 28866311]